职业暴露包括眼、口、其它粘膜或破损皮肤及胃肠外途径与血液或其它受污染物接触等方式。本文报道健康护理人员职业暴露于三种血传病毒——乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)、丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)及人免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)后的预防和治疗对策。 HBV:经粘膜或损伤皮肤接触传播HBV的途径已被证实,估计经皮损引起血液传播的危险性为2～40％,可能比HCV和HIV Occupational exposure includes eye, mouth, other mucosal or damaged skin and parenteral routes of exposure to blood or other contaminants. This article reports on the prevention and treatment of occupational exposure of health-care workers to three hereditary viruses - Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). HBV: The route of transmission of HBV through mucosal or damaged skin contact has been demonstrated, and the risk of transdermal bleeding is estimated to be 2 to 40%, probably higher than HCV and HIV