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目的:探讨氧化亚氮在阴道分娩镇痛的疗效及安全性。方法:将360例足月、单胎、头位的初产妇分为观察组178例和对照组180例,观察组进入第1产程活跃期予氧化亚氮吸入,对照组除不吸入氧化亚氮外,其它处理与观察组相同。分别观察两组产妇的疼痛程度、产程时间、分娩方式、不良反应、产时及产后出血量及胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息等情况,并进行比较。结果:观察组与对照组疼痛程度为1级的产妇分别占78.1%、23.9%(P<0.01);顺产率分别为83.1%、58.3%(P<0.01)。观察组与对照组的活跃期时间分别为(151±80)min、(229±106)min;总产程时间分别为(427±142)min、(548±187)min。观察组的活跃期及总产程均短于对照组(P<0.05),两组新生儿窒息率、产时及产后出血量、不良反应等差异无统计学意义。结论:氧化亚氮吸入能明显减轻阴道分娩产妇的疼痛,加速产程进展,降低剖宫产率及阴道难产率,对母婴无不良反应。
Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of nitrous oxide in vaginal labor analgesia. Methods: 360 cases of full-term, single-fetus and head-position primipara were divided into observation group (178 cases) and control group (180 cases). Observation group received nitrous oxide inhalation during the first active stage of labor and the control group did not inhaled nitrous oxide The other treatments were the same as the observation group. Two groups of maternal pain were observed, labor duration, delivery mode, adverse reactions, postpartum and postpartum hemorrhage and fetal distress, neonatal asphyxia, etc., and compared. Results: The women with grade 1 pain in the observation group and the control group accounted for 78.1% and 23.9%, respectively (P <0.01). The birth rates were 83.1% and 58.3% (P <0.01), respectively. The active periods of the observation group and the control group were (151 ± 80) min and (229 ± 106) min, respectively. The duration of labor was (427 ± 142) min and (548 ± 187) min respectively. The active group and the total production process in the observation group were shorter than those in the control group (P <0.05). No significant differences were found in neonatal asphyxia, postpartum hemorrhage and adverse reactions between the two groups. Conclusion: Inhaled nitrous oxide can significantly reduce the vaginal delivery of maternal pain, accelerate the progress of labor, reduce the rate of cesarean section and vaginal delivery rate, no adverse reactions to mother and baby.