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一、效益和费用1.直接效益和直接费用。项目的效益是指项目对国民经济所做的贡献。直接效益是指项目的产出物(物质产品或服务)用影子价格计算的经济价值。不增加产出的项目,其效益表现为投入的节约,即释放到社会上的资源的经济价值。直接效益一般表现为增加产品的数量满足国内需求的效益;替代其它相同和类似企业的产出物,使被替代企业减产以减少国家有用资源耗费(或损失)的效益;增加出口(或减
First, benefits and expenses 1. Direct benefits and direct costs. The project’s benefits refer to the project’s contribution to the national economy. Direct benefit refers to the economic value of the project’s output (physical product or service) calculated using shadow prices. For projects that do not increase output, the benefits are the savings of inputs, that is, the economic value of the resources released into society. The direct benefit is generally expressed as the benefit of increasing the quantity of products to meet domestic demand; replacing the output of other same and similar enterprises, reducing the output of the replaced enterprise to reduce the benefits of the country’s useful resources (or losses); increasing exports (or reductions).