孔子向往周公之治,而周公治政以德为先,因此孔子需要直面周公之德。在《论语》中,孔子对周公之德只有“使骄且吝”的评价。通过分析发现,“骄且吝”有其特殊指向和政治目的,这说明周公之德主要是一种政治之德。孔子采用否定性的评价方式,表明了对周公之德的高度重视。孔子对周公的重德思想进行了创造性转化和创新性发展,把它落实在君子人格的养成上,更为重视表现在伦常日用之中的修身之德。总之,周公之德体现为工具理性,而孔子之德则体现为价值理性。 Confucius longing for the rule of Zhou Gong, and Zhou Gong rule of virtue to the first, so Confucius need to face the moral of the week. In The Analects of Confucius, Confucius only made “the arrogance and stubbornness” on the morality of the poem. Through the analysis, we find that “arrogance and stinginess” has its special pointing and political purposes, which shows that the moral character of Zhou Gong is mainly a political virtue. Confucius adopted the negative evaluation method, which shows the great importance of Zhou’s morality. Confucius carried out creative transformation and innovative development of Zhou Gong’s thinking on the great morality, and put it into practice in the formation of the gentleman’s personality, paying more attention to the virtues of self-cultivation manifested in the daily life. In short, the moral character of Zhou Gong is instrumental rationality, while the moral character of Confucius is embodied as value rationality.