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目的观察４周糖尿病大鼠肾脏血流动力学变化和肾脏皮、髓质诱生型一氧化氮合酶（ｉＮＯＳ）基因表达情况。方法应用整体廓清试验和半定量逆转录聚合酶链反应（ＲＴＰＣＲ）。结果糖尿病大鼠肾血浆流量（ＲＰＦ４．５４±０．２４ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ／１００ｇｗｔ）、肾小球滤过率（ＧＦＲ１．１５±０．０４ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ／１００ｇｗｔ）显著高于正常（ＲＰＦ３．４４±０．５０，ＧＦＲ０．９４±０．０３）；肾脏皮、髓质ｉＮＯＳｍＲＮＡ水平（经ＧＡＰＤＨ校正）亦明显升高（皮质１．４９±０．０１比正常１．００±０．００８；髓质３．９０±０．０８比正常１．００±０．０９）。结论一氧化氮（ＮＯ）增加可能是糖尿病早期肾脏高灌注、高滤过的重要原因。高水平ＮＯ即可直接扩张肾血管，导致ＲＰＦ、ＧＦＲ升高；又可能通过升高肾间质压，抑制管球反馈参与肾小球高灌注、高滤过的形成
Objective To observe the changes of hemodynamics and the gene expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the kidney and medulla of 4-week diabetic rats. Methods The overall clearance test and semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used. Results Renal plasma flow (RPF4.54 ± 0.24ml / min / 100gwt) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR1.15 ± 0.04ml / min / 100gwt) in diabetic rats were significantly higher than those in normal controls .50, GFR 0.94 ± 0.03). The levels of iNOS mRNA in kidney and medulla (corrected by GAPDH) also increased significantly (cortical 1.49 ± 0.01 vs normal 1.00 ± 0.008; medulla 3 .90 ± 0.08 1.00 ± 0.09 than normal). Conclusion The increase of nitric oxide (NO) may be an important reason of high perfusion and hyperfiltration in the early stage of diabetic nephropathy. High levels of NO can directly expand renal blood vessels, leading to RPF, GFR increased; may also be increased by inhibiting renal interstitial pressure, inhibition of bulb feedback in glomerular hyperperfusion and hyperfiltration