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[目的]探讨眼内气体填充和硅油填充治疗增殖型糖尿病视网膜病变（PDR）的疗效。[方法]回顾性分析玻璃体切割手术的PDR患者84例临床资料，气体填充患者36例（气体组），硅油填充患者48例（硅油组），比较两组术后恢复情况。[结果]气体组治疗后视力提高29例（80．6％）、治疗后发生白内障4例（11．1％）、玻璃体再出血4例（11．1％）、平均虹膜新生血管出现时间（6．1±2．6）个月、视网膜成功复位34例（94．4％）；硅油组治疗后视力提高29例（60．4％）、治疗后发生白内障14例（29．2％）、玻璃体再出血15例（31．3％）、平均虹膜新生血管出现时间（5．8±2．5）个月、视网膜成功复位37例（77．1％），其中视力变化、白内障形成、玻璃体再出血、视网膜复位气体组优于硅油组（ P ＜0．05）。[结论]眼内气体填充治疗 PDR疗效满意，且安全可靠，值得临床推广应用。“,”[Objective] To explore the efficacy of intraocular gas tamponade vs silicone oil tamponade for the treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) .[Methods]Clinical data of 84 patients with PDR un-dergoing vitrectomy were analyzed retrospectively .Gas group included 36 patients with gas tamponade ,while silicone oil group included 48 patients with silicone oil tamponade .The postoperative recovery was compared between two groups .[Results]In gas group ,visual acuity was improved in 29 patients(80 .6% ) ,and cataract occurred in 4 patients(11 .1% ) ,and vitreous hemorrhage occurred in 4 patients(11 .1% ) after treatment a-gain ,and the average occurrence time of iris neovascularization was (6 .1 ± 2 .6) months ,and 34 patients (94 .4% ) obtained retina reattachment successfully .In silicone group ,visual acuity was improved in 29 pa-tients(60 .4% ) ,and cataract occurred in 14 patients(29 .2% ) ,and vitreous hemorrhage occurred in 15 patients (31 .3% ) after treatment again ,and the average occurrence time of iris neovascularizationtime was (5 .8 ± 2 .5) months ,and 37 patients(77 .1% ) obtained retina reattachment successfully .Visual acuity ,cataract formation , vitreous hemorrhage and retinal reattachment in gas group were better than silicone oil group ( P < 0 .05) .[Conclusion] Intraocular gas tamponade for the treatment of PDR has satisfactory efficacy ,and it is safe and reliable .Therefore ,intraocular gas tamponade is worthy of clinical promotion .