目的通过研究经枕下-乙状窦后入路的桥小脑角区的结构,为临床经枕下-乙状窦后入路切除听神经瘤提供解剖学资料。方法在10%甲醛固定并灌有乳胶的成人头颅湿标本20例,模拟枕下-乙状窦后手术入路,逐层解剖、观察桥小脑区的三个解剖间隙的主要血管神经解剖变异和走行,并测量面神经与前庭蜗神经进入脑干处的距离。结果桥脑小脑角区的重要血管和神经之间关系存在一定变异,观察了小脑上动脉、小脑下前动脉、小脑下后动脉、岩上静脉、面听神经、三叉神经以及后组颅神经的行程、分支和变异等情况,但这些结构在桥小脑区的三个解剖间隙内层次分明,分布较恒定。面神经与前庭蜗神经进入脑干处的距离为(2.3±1.1)mm。结论通过经枕下-乙状窦后入路来解剖桥小脑角区的神经血管,具有重要意义,充分认识了各重要神经和血管结构关系,对临床手术有极其重要的指导作用。 Objective To study the structure of the cerebellopontine angle region through the suboccipital-sigmoid sinus posterior approach to provide anatomic data for the clinical removal of acoustic neuroma via the suboccipital-sigmoid sinus posterior approach. Methods Twenty adult male adult patients with formalin-fixed head wetted with latex were enrolled in this study. After the suboccipital-sigmoid sinus surgery was simulated, the anatomical variation of the major vascular nerves in the three anatomical spaces in the cerebellopontine was observed. Walk, and measure the facial nerve and vestibular nerve into the brainstem distance. Results The relationship between the important vessels and nerves in the cerebellopontine angle had some variations. The stroke of the superior cerebellar artery, the anterior inferior cerebellar artery, the posterior inferior cerebellar artery, the supraovascular vein, the facial nerve, the trigeminal nerve and the posterior cranial nerves were observed. Branching and mutation, etc. However, these structures are well-defined in the three anatomical gaps of the cerebellar region of the cerebrum, and their distribution is relatively constant. The distance between the facial nerve and the vestibular nerve into the brainstem was (2.3 ± 1.1) mm. Conclusion It is of great significance to dissect the neurovascular structures of the cerebellopontine angle region through the suboccipital-sigmoid sinus posterior approach. It is of great significance to fully understand the relationship between the major nerve and vascular structures and play an extremely important guiding role in clinical surgery.