清政府的反动统治,到了十八世纪中叶以后,便日益走向下坡路,处于风雨飘摇之中。由于地主大量兼并土地,赋役、私租不断加重,使丧失了土地的无数农民,越来越陷于贫困。迄至乾隆初年,地主兼并农民田地之风遍及全国,“近日田之归于富户者,大约十之五六。旧时有田之人,今俱为佃耕之户”。 After the Qing government’s reactionary rule was over the middle of the eighteenth century, it gradually went downhill and was in a precarious state. Due to the massive annexation of land by landlords, the tax burden and the increasing rent on private property, the numerous peasants who have lost their land have become increasingly impoverished. As early as the first year of Qianlong, the winds of landowners’ annexation of peasant fields spread all over the country. "Recently, Tian Zhi was attributed to the rich households, about 10 of them.