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运用评价化学品对水生生物毒性的标准试验方法,比较了39种非离子型、6种阴离子型和3种阳离子型的常用代表性表面活性剂对大型溞的急性毒性.结果表明:3种阳离子型表面活性剂1427、1227及C8-10的急性毒性均为剧毒,其中1427毒性最高,EC50值为0.97!10-2mg·L-1;非离子型表面活性剂中蓖麻油聚氧乙烯醚、吐温和斯潘系列乳化剂均为低毒,而烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚系列和脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚系列表面活性剂的毒性稍偏高,而AEO-7和AEO-5的毒性达到高毒水平,EC50值分别为0.82和0.97mg·L-1,且此类表面活性剂脂溶性越大,对大型溞的毒性越大;大部分阴离子表面活性剂的毒性为中毒,但NNO表现为高毒,EC50值为0.17mg·L-1.
Using the standard test method for evaluating the toxicity of chemicals to aquatic organisms, the acute toxicities of 39 representative surfactants, nonionic, 6 anionic and 3 cationic, were studied. The results showed that three kinds of cations The acute toxicity of surfactants 1427, 1227 and C8-10 were all highly toxic, of which 1427 had the highest toxicity with an EC50 value of 0.97 10-2 mg · L -1. Among the nonionic surfactants, polyoxyethylene castor oil Tweens and Span emulsifiers are all less toxic, whereas the alkylphenol ethoxylates and fatty alcohol ethoxylates are slightly more toxic, while the AEO-7 and AEO-5 are more toxic EC50 values were 0.82 and 0.97 mg · L-1, respectively, and the greater the lipophilicity of these surfactants, the greater the toxicity to the macrophus. The toxicity of most anionic surfactants was poisoned, but the NNO For high toxicity, EC50 value of 0.17mg · L-1.