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目的调查东北某地水源水及生活饮用水微生物指标状况,为提高饮水微生物指标合格率提供基础数据。方法于2015年夏、秋两季,分别对东北某地的水源水和生活饮用水进行采集,共计92份,依照《生活饮用水标准检验方法微生物指标》(GB/T 5750.12-2006)、《饮用天然矿泉水检验方法》(GB/T 8538-2008)和《食品安全国家标准食品微生物学检测》(GB 4789-2013)对样品进行微生物指标检测,检测项目包括菌落总数、总大肠菌群、大肠埃希菌3项卫生微生物学指标和大肠埃希菌O157﹕H7、沙门菌、志贺菌及金黄色葡萄球菌4项病原微生物学指标。依照《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)、《生活饮用水水质卫生规范》(卫生部,2001)和《Protocol for Developing Pathogen TMDLs,First Edition》(USEPA,2001)对检测结果进行判定,其中任何一项指标不合格者则判定为该份水样不合格。结果经消毒处理的水、自备井水、水源水的微生物指标不合格率分别为20.00%、95.45%和54.00%。其中,自备井水污染尤为严重,不合格样品中总大肠菌群和大肠埃希菌最高浓度分别为5 600 MPN/100 m L和344 MPN/100 m L,是造成水样不合格率较高的主要因素。三种不同来源的水样三种微生物间相关性各异,可能与各自的生存环境有关。在水源水中检出1株以色列沙门菌和2株肠沙门菌双相亚利桑那亚种,其它三种致病菌在所有水样中均未检出。另外,该地区丰枯水期水源水微生物污染状况差异有统计学意义(χ~2=9.742;P=0.002),经消毒处理的水和自备井水微生物污染状况丰水期和枯水期差异无统计学意义。结论该地区存在水源受粪便污染风险,应加强饮水微生物监测,预防介水传染病的发生。
Objective To investigate the status of water and drinking water microorganisms in a certain place in northeastern China and provide basic data for improving the passing rate of water microbial indicators. Methods A total of 92 water and drinking water sources were collected from a place in northeast China in the summer and autumn of 2015 respectively. According to “Microbial Index of Standard Test Method for Domestic Drinking Water” (GB / T 5750.12-2006) (GB / T 8538-2008) and National Food Safety Standard Microbiological Test (GB 4789-2013) for the detection of microbiological indexes of the samples. The test items include total number of colonies, total coliform bacteria, Three indicators of hygiene microbiology of Escherichia coli and four pathogenic microbiological indicators of Escherichia coli O157: H7, Salmonella, Shigella and Staphylococcus aureus. The test results were judged according to the standards of Sanitary Standard for Drinking-water (GB 5749-2006), Sanitary Code of Drinking-water Quality (Ministry of Health, 2001) and Protocol for Developing Pathogen TMDLs, First Edition (USEPA, 2001) , Any one of the indicators fail to determine the water sample failed. Results The unqualified rate of microbial indicators of disinfected water, self-prepared well water and water source water were 20.00%, 95.45% and 54.00% respectively. Among them, the self-prepared well water pollution was particularly serious. The highest concentrations of total coliform bacteria and Escherichia coli in the unqualified samples were respectively 5 600 MPN / 100 m L and 344 MPN / 100 m L, which caused the unqualified rate of water samples High main factor. Three kinds of water samples from different sources have different correlations among the three kinds of microorganisms, which may be related to their own living environment. One Salmonella enteritidis and two Salmonella enterica isolates were detected in the water of source water. The other three pathogenic bacteria were not detected in all water samples. In addition, there was significant difference in the microbial contamination of source water between the high and low water phases in this area (χ ~ 2 = 9.742; P = 0.002) significance. Conclusion There is a risk of contaminated water in the area due to manure. Microbiological monitoring of drinking water should be strengthened to prevent the occurrence of water-borne infectious diseases.