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大坝建成蓄水后,坝体和坝基都将承受巨大的水压力,由于砼和基岩大都是透水材料,在上游水头作用下将发生稳定和不稳定的渗流现象,这对大坝的运行是不利的.渗流对水工建筑物的破坏现象和过程,一般不易从表面上觉察,隐蔽性强,而在发现问题后又往往难以补救.渗流引起大坝破坏的比例是相当高的,根据不完全统计资料,国内外因渗流问题引起大坝失事占工程总数的40%左右.同大坝变形一样,大坝的渗流也是一个三维问题,影响渗流的因素较复杂,在计算时其边界条件较难确定,但通过原型观测可以达到监控渗流状态的目的,也是检验其设计值的有效方法.
After the completion of the dam, the dam body and the dam foundation will be subjected to huge water pressure. Since the concrete and bedrock are mostly permeable materials, stable and unstable seepage will occur under the action of the upstream head, which will affect the operation of the dam Is unfavorable.Due to the phenomenon and process of seepage damage to hydraulic structures, it is generally not easy to see from the surface, concealment strong, and often difficult to remedy problems after the discovery of the problem.Drainage caused by the proportion of dam damage is quite high, according to Incomplete statistics show that dam failure caused by seepage at home and abroad accounts for about 40% of the total number of projects. Like dam deformation, the seepage of a dam is also a three-dimensional problem. The factors affecting the seepage are complicated. Difficult to determine, but through the prototype observation can achieve the purpose of monitoring the seepage status, but also to test the design value of the effective method.