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关于明代北京手工业的生产类型,学术界有不同的理解和划分。诸如,一说“明代北京的手工业,仍然分为官营手工业和私人手工业两种”~②;二说“明代手工业大体上可分为三种,一种是官办手工业,第二种是宫廷手工业,第三种是民间手工业”~③;三说“明代北京的手工业分官营和私营两大类”~④“明代北京的手工业,仍然有官营和私营两种”~⑤等。笔者比较认可第一、第三两种说法,认为明代北京手工业可以分为官营手工业和民间手
On the Ming Dynasty Beijing handicraft production type, the academic community has different understanding and division. For example, one said: “The handicrafts industry in Beijing in the Ming Dynasty was still divided into two categories: official handicrafts and private handicrafts.” Second, “Second,” handicrafts in the Ming Dynasty can be broadly classified into three categories: official handicrafts and the second Is the court handicraft industry, the third is the folk handicrafts “three said ” handicrafts Beijing branch of the Ming Dynasty and the private sector two categories “~ ” Beijing handicrafts in the Ming Dynasty, there are still two official and private "~ ⑤ and so on. The author more recognized the first and third two kinds of argument that the Ming Dynasty Beijing handicrafts can be divided into government-run handicrafts and folk hand