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在几何光学的研究中,光的波动特性几乎全被忽略了.着重研究的是反射和折射而没有涉及衍射现象,在均匀介质中,光总是被看作以直线方式沿光路传播.然而,众所周知,即使不存在反射面和折射面时,衍射也使得光线从几何光路上发散,从而使得在其它方面都是完善的光学系统也不能形成理想的象.于是,很自然地提出了这样的问题,既然象衍射这样重要的现象都被忽视了,那为何我们还要研究几何光学呢?对这个问题的回答是:因为我们只从几何学的考虑就能获得有关象的大小,位置以及象差等等十分有价值的信息.在了解了几何光学的原理之后,对衍射及其影响的研究也就较易理解了.
In the study of geometrical optics, the fluctuation characteristics of light are almost neglected.It focuses on the reflection and refraction, but does not refer to the diffraction phenomenon.In the homogeneous medium, the light is always regarded as a straight line along the optical path.However, It is well known that even in the absence of reflecting surfaces and refractive surfaces, the diffraction causes the light to diverge from the geometrical optical path, so that an optical system that is otherwise perfect does not form an ideal image. Thus, it is natural to ask such a question Since the important phenomena like diffraction have been overlooked, why do we study geometric optics? The answer to this question is: Because we can only get the geometry of the image size, location and aberration Etc. After understanding the principle of geometrical optics, the study of diffraction and its influence will also be easier to understand.