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自1970年美国 PE 公司推出世界上第一台石墨炉原子吸收分光光度计商品仪器,至今的三十余年,石墨炉原子吸收光谱分析法已经已经成为一种非常普及的方法。由于这种测定方法的灵敏度高,选择性好,能测定约60种元素,与其他超微量分析方法相比,其仪器结构简单,费用较低。这一系列的特点使石墨炉原子吸收光谱分析法在超痕分析中发挥了重要作用。此法已与质谱法和中子活化分析法并列成为超痕量分析的主要方法,广泛用于冶金、地质、环境和生物试样以及半导体材料的分析中。虽然三十余年来的研究工作使石墨炉原子吸收光谱分析技术日趋完善,但八十年代末以来,整个原子吸收光谱分析法的发展势头不仅不能保持平台式前进,且有下降趋势。尤其是ICP—AES 法的兴起,ICP—MS 法的灵敏度已达到了 GFAAS 的水平,其多元素的同时测定的功能又是目前 GFAAS 法所望尘莫及的。难道 AAS 法真是到了山穷水尽的地步?作者认为AAS 法的发展确实面临着挑战。但另一方面,以横向加热石墨炉为原子化器的 GFAAS 商品仪器的出现,能直接测定四个元素 GFAAS 商品仪器的问世,新光源半导体二极管激光器的快速发展,CCD、CID 等新光电检测技术的引入,标志着石墨炉原子吸收光谱分析法新的上升时期正在开始。本文将从三个方面论述之。
Since 1970, the United States PE company introduced the world’s first graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer commodity equipment, so far more than thirty years, graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry has become a very popular method. Due to its high sensitivity and selectivity, this assay can measure about 60 elements. Compared with other ultramicro analysis methods, the instrument has the advantages of simple structure and low cost. This series of features make graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry play an important role in the ultra-trace analysis. This method has been paralleled with mass spectrometry and neutron activation analysis as the primary method for ultra-trace analysis and is widely used in the analysis of metallurgical, geological, environmental and biological samples and semiconductor materials. Although more than thirty years’ research work has made graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry perfect, but the development of atomic absorption spectrometry since the end of 1980s not only can not keep the platform forward, and has a downward trend. Especially with the rise of ICP-AES method, the sensitivity of ICP-MS method has reached the level of GFAAS, and its multi-element simultaneous determination function is beyond the reach of the current GFAAS method. Is the AAS method really to the point of exhaustion? The author believes that the development of AAS is indeed facing challenges. On the other hand, the appearance of GFAAS commercial instrument with horizontal heating graphite furnace as the atomizer can directly measure the advent of four elements GFAAS commercial instruments, the rapid development of new light source semiconductor diode lasers, new photoelectric detection technologies such as CCD and CID The introduction, marking a new rise of graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry analysis is beginning. This article will discuss from three aspects.