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[目的]了解上海市黄浦区肺结核疫情的流行特征,评价防治工作的成效。[方法]运用生态学研究方法对1990—2013年黄浦区肺结核流行特征和趋势进行分析。[结果]1990—2013年,黄浦区肺结核的平均发病率为37.37/10万,发病总体呈逐渐下降趋势;平均死亡率为0.47/10万。老年男性(65岁以上)人群的发病率较高。病例中离退人员、工人、家务及待业者所占比例最高。[结论]1990—2013年,肺结核防控的效果显著。但大众的防控知识和意识欠缺、不规范治疗、耐药率高、流动人口众多等都对结核病防治带来挑战。结核病患者的诊断、治疗、管理仍需完善。
[Objective] To understand the epidemic characteristics of tuberculosis in Huangpu District of Shanghai and evaluate the effectiveness of prevention and treatment. [Method] The epidemiological characteristics and trends of tuberculosis in Huangpu District from 1990 to 2013 were analyzed by using ecological methods. [Results] The average incidence of tuberculosis in Huangpu District from 1990 to 2013 was 37.37 / 100 000, and the overall incidence showed a gradual downward trend; the average death rate was 0.47 / 100 000. Older men (over 65 years old) have a higher incidence of the crowd. The highest proportion of retirees, workers, housework and unemployed persons were found in the cases. [Conclusion] The prevention and control of tuberculosis was significant from 1990 to 2013. However, the prevention and control of the public lack of knowledge and norms, non-standard treatment, drug resistance rate is high, floating population and so on are all challenges to tuberculosis prevention and control. The diagnosis, treatment and management of TB patients still need to be improved.