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以不同发育时期的万寿菊顶芽为材料,利用普通光学显微镜、扫描电镜和透视电镜技术,结合外部形态观察研究了花芽分化过程、花器官的显微和超微结构。结果表明:(1)万寿菊顶芽头状花序分化始于两叶一心至三叶一心期,小花由外至内逐渐发育;(2)柱头形态变化过程为棒状→“丫”状→卷羊角状,授粉时柱头“丫”状,上表面两侧有长的饱满的指状乳突,中间有两纵列短的饱满的指状乳突,花粉附着在柱头的乳突上;授粉后柱头为卷羊角状,指状乳突干瘪;(3)成熟花药具两个花粉囊,中间由药隔分开;成熟的花粉囊壁由扁平的表皮细胞和纤维层构成;(4)花粉为长球形,赤道面观为椭圆形,极面观为近圆形,具3萌发沟,赤道轴长约37.5μm,极轴长约25.5μm,花粉外壁具刺状纹饰,长短不一,平均约4.65μm。
Tissue buds of Tagetescens used at different developmental stages as material, the flower bud differentiation process and the microstructure and ultrastructure of floral organs were studied by using ordinary light microscope, scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. The results showed that: (1) The head bud of Tagetesceae began to differentiate from two leaves to three leaves and one heart, the florets gradually developed from the outside to the inside; (2) The coil has a hornlike, stigma-like shape when pollinated, with long, full finger papillae on both sides of the upper surface, with two short, plumped finger papillae in the middle with pollen adhering to the stigma (3) mature anthers with two pollen sacs, the middle by the drug-separated; mature pollen wall consists of flat epidermal cells and fibrous layers; (4) ) Pollen is long sphere, equatorial view is oval, polar view is nearly circular, with 3 germination ditch, equatorial axis length of about 37.5μm, polar axis length of about 25.5μm, pollen outer wall with thorn ornamentation, different lengths , Averaging about 4.65 μm.