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Naval vessels and personnel from 14 countries including China， the United States， Britain and Pakistan， conducted a joint exercise in the north Arabian Sea off Karachi， Pakistan， from March 4-8. The exercise， Aman-2013， aimed to display a united resolve against terrorism and crimes in the maritime domain. Aman means peace in the Urdu language.
Beijing Review reporter Pan Xiaoqiao interviewed Rear Admiral Khan Hasham Bin Saddique， Commander of the Pakistan Fleet， Rear Admiral Khawaja Ghazanfar Hussain， Commander Karachi， as well as Rear Admiral Yuan Yubai， Chief of Staff of the North Sea Fleet of the People’s Liberation Army （PLA） Navy， and Wang Qiang， Deputy Chief of Operation Department of the North Sea Fleet and Captain of the Chinese missile destroyer Harbin. Excerpts of the interviews follow：
Beijing Review： How do you see the significance of Aman-2013， and in what specific ways do you think it can help promote the relationship between Chinese and Pakistani navies？
Khan Hasham Bin Saddique： I think the exercise has brought us opportunities for cultural exchange and also for all participants to learn from each other， because we have so many countries together. Some are strong in certain respects where others may not be so good.
We are cooperating with international efforts and also at the bilateral level， as well as with all navies and maritime agencies within the Indian Ocean to ensure that this part of the ocean is peaceful， and maritime activities proceed without any troubles， crimes or piracy.
I personally feel that there is a lot of scope for enhancing the PLA Navy and Pakistan Navy collaboration in the Indian Ocean. I think the two countries need to enter into a memorandum of understanding on strategic maritime cooperation or some other sort of pact in order to benefit from each other. It should cover not only naval cooperation， but also ship building， squad visits， training and exercises.
There is great potential for cooperation between China and Pakistan. We need strategic maritime cooperation like we have in economic fields and other areas. Especially in terms of China’s energy security and related issues， I think it will be better if we work together.
We are very pleased that the Chinese Government supplies and collaborates with us in ship construction. I think this collaboration should also extend to naval submarines.
As for China’s takeover of the management of the Gwadar Port， Pakistan must face great pressure from the outside world. How do you deal with this pressure？ Every nation has its own national interests. China has its national interests and we have our own， and these interests are at times challenged by all kinds of problems， internally and sometimes externally. So nation states have to use their national power potential， diplomatic and economic means， as well as their information capacity and military capacity to safeguard their national interests.
The development of Gwadar is part of the important national interests of Pakistan. Therefore we are extremely pleased that we have China as a trusted friend， who will oversee this port’s development. And when it comes to our national interests， we pursue them—irrespective of opposition. This is the challenge every nation has to face and we will use all our national power potential to safeguard the interests and security of the Gwadar Port.
China sent three warships to participate in the Aman-2013 exercise. How do you feel about the Chinese fleet’s participation？
We are very pleased and happy to have such a big participation from the PLA Navy. Given the kind of relationship between Pakistan and Chna as well as between the Pakistan Navy and PLA Navy， we expect this level of participation from our Chinese friends. It could give us the opportunity to further refine our procedures and enhance cooperation between the two navies.
On the whole， how do you see the current China-Pakistan relationship， especially between the PLA Navy and the Pakistan Navy？
Khawaja Ghazanfar Hussain： We have a special regard for China. We consider China as our brother. I have been to China four or five times， most recently four months ago. As commander Karachi， my basic responsibility is the training of officers and sailors. In Pakistan， it is widely known that China is our trusted friend. Whenever we have any problems or difficulties， the Chinese people and the Chinese Government help us.
We would like to have more and more cooperation with China. In times of difficulty， it is only China that is helping us， especially with the Pakistan Navy. We have your ships—we have F-22P frigates from China—and we have many Chinese working in our dockyard. So we are very thankful and obliged to China for supporting us in this difficult time. We hope and pray that our friendship will go further.
How is personnel exchange going between the PLA Navy and the Pakistan Navy？
At present， I think the maximum of officers and sailors are going to China for training. The reason is that we have all these ships and helicopters manufactured in China， so we go for training in China for staff courses and other courses. Meanwhile， the Chinese also come for the courses in Pakistan. We have a good relationship with China in manufacturing， in construction as well as in training. But few Pakistanis speak very good Chinese， so we have seven officers who are now taking Chinese language courses. About one third of Pakistan Navy officers have been to China for different courses， acquisition of ships and etc.， which shows that cooperation between the Pakistan Navy and China is increasing day by day. Do you think the takeover of the Gwadar Port will trigger problems in security or business cooperation？
No， I don’t think there will be any problems. The port is basically made by China， and now the Chinese have taken it over for development. Security problems exist all over Pakistan， whether in Gwadar or Karachi. The situation is the same， so it does not matter.
As you know， this port was with Singapore， and we have taken it back from Singapore and transferred it to China. We come to this conclusion that China will manage it well. We don’t see any problems with China’s management of the port. We see China in a different view from some other countries. We are not worried as they are.
How do you comment on the relationship between Chinese and Pakistani navies？
Yuan Yubai： The friendship between China and Pakistan and their respective navies has been ongoing for several generations. We need to carry this good relationship forward. As we work together， we will consider the possibility of signing maritime strategic pacts.
What has impressed you most during your tour in Pakistan？
Wang Qiang： There are two aspects. First， before the start of the naval exercise， we were invited to Islamabad to have a preparation conference. The Pakistani side attached great importance to our participation. Despite its challenging security situation， still we feel safe and happy to work in Pakistan.
Second， although we had first held a fair meeting， some details of how to operate the exercise were not decided until we arrived in Karachi on March 5. As this was a multinational joint action， not every country was used to the standards originally set. When this happened， changes to the set schemes were necessary. We were so thankful and moved that the Pakistan Navy accepted all the requirements of the PLA Navy for changes. We feel that Pakistan is very friendly to us， and they value the PLA Navy’s participation very much.
Moreover， chief officials of the Pakistan Navy came to visit the Harbin. As for exercise items at sea， apart from joint programs attended by all， the Pakistan Navy particularly invited the PLA Navy to participate in several demonstration activities， presenting to the other participants， like anti-surface firing， which fully showcased China-Pakistan friendship. Moreover， the two navies held basketball and football matches and shooting competitions during the exercise.
How do you characterize China’s participation in the exercise？ China and Pakistan are tested friends. The two sides have offered each other great support in many cooperation programs. Since 2007， Aman exercises have been held every other year and China has been invited each time. China has sent ships to participate in all the programs scheduled by the Pakistan Navy.
In Aman-2013， China sent a missile destroyer Harbin， a frigate Mianyang and a supply ship Weishanhu. The PLA Navy took part in all programs both at sea and on land. As for land programs， commanders and special operations forces members of the PLA Navy joined the Pakistan Navy for training in their camps.
This military drill covered 18 exercise items， such as replenishment at sea， anti-surface firing， joint search and rescue， air defense， helicopter cross-deck landing and participants took command of different items. The PLA Navy took command of the two items of replenishment at sea and air defense.
Soon after the end of the exercise， the Chinese fleet will head for the Gulf of Aden. In what ways do you find this exercise helpful to your escort mission there？
Many of the participants of this exercise will also go to the Gulf of Aden for escort missions. This exercise has offered an opportunity for the PLA Navy to increase mutual trust and enhance friendship with the navies of other counties. We have talked about the escort mission in our daily communication these days and all of us hope to strengthen cooperation and information exchange， so as to reach the common goal of curbing piracy and safeguarding regional peace and stability.
（Reporting from Karachi， Pakistan）
Beijing Review reporter Pan Xiaoqiao interviewed Rear Admiral Khan Hasham Bin Saddique， Commander of the Pakistan Fleet， Rear Admiral Khawaja Ghazanfar Hussain， Commander Karachi， as well as Rear Admiral Yuan Yubai， Chief of Staff of the North Sea Fleet of the People’s Liberation Army （PLA） Navy， and Wang Qiang， Deputy Chief of Operation Department of the North Sea Fleet and Captain of the Chinese missile destroyer Harbin. Excerpts of the interviews follow：
Beijing Review： How do you see the significance of Aman-2013， and in what specific ways do you think it can help promote the relationship between Chinese and Pakistani navies？
Khan Hasham Bin Saddique： I think the exercise has brought us opportunities for cultural exchange and also for all participants to learn from each other， because we have so many countries together. Some are strong in certain respects where others may not be so good.
We are cooperating with international efforts and also at the bilateral level， as well as with all navies and maritime agencies within the Indian Ocean to ensure that this part of the ocean is peaceful， and maritime activities proceed without any troubles， crimes or piracy.
I personally feel that there is a lot of scope for enhancing the PLA Navy and Pakistan Navy collaboration in the Indian Ocean. I think the two countries need to enter into a memorandum of understanding on strategic maritime cooperation or some other sort of pact in order to benefit from each other. It should cover not only naval cooperation， but also ship building， squad visits， training and exercises.
There is great potential for cooperation between China and Pakistan. We need strategic maritime cooperation like we have in economic fields and other areas. Especially in terms of China’s energy security and related issues， I think it will be better if we work together.
We are very pleased that the Chinese Government supplies and collaborates with us in ship construction. I think this collaboration should also extend to naval submarines.
As for China’s takeover of the management of the Gwadar Port， Pakistan must face great pressure from the outside world. How do you deal with this pressure？ Every nation has its own national interests. China has its national interests and we have our own， and these interests are at times challenged by all kinds of problems， internally and sometimes externally. So nation states have to use their national power potential， diplomatic and economic means， as well as their information capacity and military capacity to safeguard their national interests.
The development of Gwadar is part of the important national interests of Pakistan. Therefore we are extremely pleased that we have China as a trusted friend， who will oversee this port’s development. And when it comes to our national interests， we pursue them—irrespective of opposition. This is the challenge every nation has to face and we will use all our national power potential to safeguard the interests and security of the Gwadar Port.
China sent three warships to participate in the Aman-2013 exercise. How do you feel about the Chinese fleet’s participation？
We are very pleased and happy to have such a big participation from the PLA Navy. Given the kind of relationship between Pakistan and Chna as well as between the Pakistan Navy and PLA Navy， we expect this level of participation from our Chinese friends. It could give us the opportunity to further refine our procedures and enhance cooperation between the two navies.
On the whole， how do you see the current China-Pakistan relationship， especially between the PLA Navy and the Pakistan Navy？
Khawaja Ghazanfar Hussain： We have a special regard for China. We consider China as our brother. I have been to China four or five times， most recently four months ago. As commander Karachi， my basic responsibility is the training of officers and sailors. In Pakistan， it is widely known that China is our trusted friend. Whenever we have any problems or difficulties， the Chinese people and the Chinese Government help us.
We would like to have more and more cooperation with China. In times of difficulty， it is only China that is helping us， especially with the Pakistan Navy. We have your ships—we have F-22P frigates from China—and we have many Chinese working in our dockyard. So we are very thankful and obliged to China for supporting us in this difficult time. We hope and pray that our friendship will go further.
How is personnel exchange going between the PLA Navy and the Pakistan Navy？
At present， I think the maximum of officers and sailors are going to China for training. The reason is that we have all these ships and helicopters manufactured in China， so we go for training in China for staff courses and other courses. Meanwhile， the Chinese also come for the courses in Pakistan. We have a good relationship with China in manufacturing， in construction as well as in training. But few Pakistanis speak very good Chinese， so we have seven officers who are now taking Chinese language courses. About one third of Pakistan Navy officers have been to China for different courses， acquisition of ships and etc.， which shows that cooperation between the Pakistan Navy and China is increasing day by day. Do you think the takeover of the Gwadar Port will trigger problems in security or business cooperation？
No， I don’t think there will be any problems. The port is basically made by China， and now the Chinese have taken it over for development. Security problems exist all over Pakistan， whether in Gwadar or Karachi. The situation is the same， so it does not matter.
As you know， this port was with Singapore， and we have taken it back from Singapore and transferred it to China. We come to this conclusion that China will manage it well. We don’t see any problems with China’s management of the port. We see China in a different view from some other countries. We are not worried as they are.
How do you comment on the relationship between Chinese and Pakistani navies？
Yuan Yubai： The friendship between China and Pakistan and their respective navies has been ongoing for several generations. We need to carry this good relationship forward. As we work together， we will consider the possibility of signing maritime strategic pacts.
What has impressed you most during your tour in Pakistan？
Wang Qiang： There are two aspects. First， before the start of the naval exercise， we were invited to Islamabad to have a preparation conference. The Pakistani side attached great importance to our participation. Despite its challenging security situation， still we feel safe and happy to work in Pakistan.
Second， although we had first held a fair meeting， some details of how to operate the exercise were not decided until we arrived in Karachi on March 5. As this was a multinational joint action， not every country was used to the standards originally set. When this happened， changes to the set schemes were necessary. We were so thankful and moved that the Pakistan Navy accepted all the requirements of the PLA Navy for changes. We feel that Pakistan is very friendly to us， and they value the PLA Navy’s participation very much.
Moreover， chief officials of the Pakistan Navy came to visit the Harbin. As for exercise items at sea， apart from joint programs attended by all， the Pakistan Navy particularly invited the PLA Navy to participate in several demonstration activities， presenting to the other participants， like anti-surface firing， which fully showcased China-Pakistan friendship. Moreover， the two navies held basketball and football matches and shooting competitions during the exercise.
How do you characterize China’s participation in the exercise？ China and Pakistan are tested friends. The two sides have offered each other great support in many cooperation programs. Since 2007， Aman exercises have been held every other year and China has been invited each time. China has sent ships to participate in all the programs scheduled by the Pakistan Navy.
In Aman-2013， China sent a missile destroyer Harbin， a frigate Mianyang and a supply ship Weishanhu. The PLA Navy took part in all programs both at sea and on land. As for land programs， commanders and special operations forces members of the PLA Navy joined the Pakistan Navy for training in their camps.
This military drill covered 18 exercise items， such as replenishment at sea， anti-surface firing， joint search and rescue， air defense， helicopter cross-deck landing and participants took command of different items. The PLA Navy took command of the two items of replenishment at sea and air defense.
Soon after the end of the exercise， the Chinese fleet will head for the Gulf of Aden. In what ways do you find this exercise helpful to your escort mission there？
Many of the participants of this exercise will also go to the Gulf of Aden for escort missions. This exercise has offered an opportunity for the PLA Navy to increase mutual trust and enhance friendship with the navies of other counties. We have talked about the escort mission in our daily communication these days and all of us hope to strengthen cooperation and information exchange， so as to reach the common goal of curbing piracy and safeguarding regional peace and stability.
（Reporting from Karachi， Pakistan）