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目的调查分析金水地区燃煤型氟中毒病区儿童中毒与食物氟污染情况。方法选取金水地区地方性氟病的13个村组150名8~12岁儿童进行氟斑牙普查,包括对320个家庭主食结构、辣椒及玉米干燥及保存方法、厨房结构及主燃料进行调查;另选取同期金水地区无地方性氟病11个村组的150名8~12岁儿童及224个家庭作对照研究。采集测定两村组大米、饮用水、空气、原煤样本中的氟含量。结果病区村8~12岁儿童氟斑牙检出率37.33%(56/150)明显高于非病区村儿童氟斑牙检出检出率9.33%(14/150),儿童氟斑牙均已极轻度和轻度为主,病区村极轻度、轻度患病率均明显高于非病区村(P<0.05);随着年龄增加病区村氟斑牙儿童患病率呈逐步上升趋势,12岁组儿童氟斑牙患病率明显高于8岁组(P<0.05);病区村有独立厨房率84.38%明显低于非病区村91.88%,煤为主要燃料明显高于非病区组(P<0.05);病区组空气中氟含量、原煤中氟含量均明显高于非病区组(P<0.05)。结论金水地区燃煤型氟中毒病区儿童氟中毒食物污染来源主要为空气和原煤,开发清洁能源仍是下一阶段综合防治的重点。
Objective To investigate and analyze the children poisoning and food fluorine pollution in the coal-fired fluorosis area of Jinshui. Methods A total of 150 children aged 8-12 years from 13 villages of endemic fluorosis in Jinshui District were enrolled in this study. The survey included the structure of the staple food in 320 families, the drying and preserving methods of pepper and corn, the structure of the kitchen and the main fuel. In the same period, another 150 children aged 8-12 years old and 224 families from 11 villages without endemic fluorosis in Jinshui district were selected as control study. Collect and measure the fluorine content in rice, drinking water, air and raw coal samples of two villages. Results The detection rate of dental fluorosis was 37.33% (56/150) in children aged 8 ~ 12 years old in ward area was significantly higher than that of children with dental fluorosis in 9.3% (14/150), children dental fluorosis (P <0.05). With the increase of age, children with dental fluorosis in the ward were more likely to suffer from dental fluorosis The prevalence of dental fluorosis in children aged 12 years was significantly higher than that of children aged 8 years (P <0.05). The rate of independent kitchens in villages was significantly lower than that in non-ward villages by 84.38% and 91.88% The fuel in the air was significantly higher than that in the non-ward (P <0.05). The fluoride content in the air and the fluorine in the raw coal were significantly higher in the ward than in the non-ward (P <0.05). Conclusion The sources of food poisoning of children with fluorosis in Jinshui district are mainly air and coal, and the development of clean energy is still the key point of comprehensive prevention and control in the next phase.