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目的了解梁山县改水降氟措施的落实情况和监测点徐东村地方性氟中毒病情变化,观察采取防治措施产生的预防效果。方法儿童氟斑牙检查采用Dean法,水、尿测定氟采用氟离子选择电极法,成人氟中毒的体征、症状及氟骨诊断标准依照卫生部地病司《地方性氟中毒防治手册》执行。结果梁山县共落实改水降氟措施131个病区村(109处工程),占全部氟病村的60.9%,受益人口10余万人。已落实防治措施病村中正常运转的改水工程63处,含74个病村,占已改水病区村的56.5%。监测点东徐村8～12岁儿童氟斑牙患病率由1997年的68.9%降至2001年的32.2%,尿氟水平由1997年的1.31mg/L减低至2001年的1.06mg/L,成人氟骨症的患病率随改水时间的延长明显降低,且病变程度显著减轻。结论改水降氟是控制饮水型地方性氟中毒切实可行的重要措施,改水设施的运行正常与否,是保证预防效果的关键。
Objective To understand the implementation of measures to reduce water and fluoride in Liangshan County and the changes of endemic fluorosis in Xudong Village, and to observe the preventive effect of prevention and treatment measures. Methods Children’s dental fluorosis was examined by Dean’s method, water and urine. Fluoride ion-selective electrode method was used to detect fluorosis. The signs and symptoms of fluorosis and diagnostic criteria of fluorosis were performed according to “Handbook of prevention and treatment of endemic fluorosis”. Results In Liangshan County, a total of 131 ward villages (109 projects) were implemented, accounting for 60.9% of the total fluoride disease villages, benefiting more than 100,000 people. Prevention and control measures have been implemented 63 villages in the normal operation of water works, including 74 sick villages, accounting for 56.5% of the villages have been water-affected areas. The prevalence of dental fluorosis among children aged 8 ~ 12 in Dong Xu Village decreased from 68.9% in 1997 to 32.2% in 2001. Urinary fluoride level decreased from 1.31 mg / L in 1997 to 1.06 mg / L in 2001 , The prevalence of adult skeletal fluorosis decreased significantly with the extension of water time, and the lesion severity was significantly reduced. Conclusion It is an important and feasible measure to control fluoride poisoning in drinking water. It is the key to ensure the prevention effect that whether the water purification facilities operate normally or not.