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为了更好地利用蒸发皿的蒸发量指导农田灌溉,根据马氏瓶工作原理设计了一种简单、实用,价格低廉而且操控性强的恒水位蒸发皿装置,此装置在20 cm标准蒸发皿的基础上附加了一个自动补水装置.以20 cm标准蒸发皿的蒸发量为标准,对可进行自动补水的恒水位蒸发皿的水面蒸发过程进行了验证.通过大田冬小麦试验建立了水面蒸发过程与冬小麦同阶段耗水过程的关系.结果表明,设计开发的蒸发皿装置,具有较好的稳定性,组间测量值相对平均误差小于5%,超过5 d相对平均误差小于2%;其水面蒸发过程与20 cm标准蒸发皿的蒸发量具有显著的相关关系,相关系数高达0.99;华北地区优质高产冬小麦在拔节期、抽穗扬花期和灌浆成熟期的田间耗水量,与自动补水蒸发皿同阶段累计水面蒸发量的比值分别为1.09,1.31和1.16.因此,可以用该装置的水面蒸发量来指导农田灌溉,达到农作物优质、高效、高产的目的.
In order to make better use of the evaporation of evaporating dish to guide the irrigation of farmland, a simple, practical, inexpensive and easy-to-handle constant-water evaporating dish device was designed according to the working principle of horse’s bottle. An automatic water replenishment device is added on the basis of the evaporation of 20 cm standard evaporating dish as the standard to validate the water surface evaporation process of the constant water level evaporating dish capable of automatically replenishing water.The process of water surface evaporation and winter wheat The results show that the designed and developed evaporating dish device has good stability, the relative average error of measurement between groups is less than 5% and the relative average error less than 2% over 5 days. The water surface evaporation process And 20 cm standard evaporating dish evaporation has a significant correlation, the correlation coefficient of up to 0.99; North China high yield and quality of winter wheat at jointing, heading and flowering and filling of field water consumption, The ratios of evaporation are 1.09, 1.31 and 1.16, respectively, so the surface evaporation of the unit can be used to guide the irrigation of the farmland to achieve farming High quality, efficient, productive purpose.