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在我国西南岩溶区域,土壤受地质和地形条件的影响程度较深,表现出强烈的非均一性;且在不同地质地形条件下,缺乏具体的量化参照系数,致使对土壤元素库容等方面的估算存在较大偏差。据此,本研究基于对贵阳市乌当区实地考察结果,归纳确立土壤在不同地质与地形下的分布特征,修正了现有的土壤图。利用地形图提取区域的坡度信息,再与土壤图和地质图进行叠加,乘以相应类型条件下土壤的经验系数,估算区域主要土壤类型表层(≤1m)土壤的保有量。结果表明,乌当区境内坡度>35°的碳酸盐岩地区无黄壤分布;石灰土的覆盖率和土壤剖面深度随坡度的增加,呈下降趋势,但连续性石灰岩分布区的石灰土变异程度较大;该区表层土壤(≤1m)保有量约为65656万t,主要集中分布在0°～15°碳酸盐岩分布区,且黄壤占50%以上。
In the southwestern Karst region of China, the soil is deeply affected by the geology and topography conditions, showing strong inhomogeneity; and under different geological topography, the lack of a specific quantitative reference coefficient, resulting in estimates of soil elemental storage, etc. There is a big deviation. Therefore, based on the field investigation results of Wudang District in Guiyang, this study induces the distribution characteristics of soil under different geology and topography, and modifies the existing soil map. The slope information of the topsoil (≤1m) was estimated by topographic map extraction, then overlaid with the soil map and the geological map, and multiplied by the empirical coefficient of the soil under the corresponding types of conditions. The results show that there is no yellow soil distribution in the carbonate area with the gradient of> 35 ° in the Wudang district. The coverage of limestone and the depth of the soil profile decrease with the increase of the slope degree. However, the variation degree of the lime soil in the continuous limestone area While the remaining amount of surface soil (≤1m) in this area is about 656.56 million tons, mainly concentrated in the distribution area of 0 ~ 15 ° carbonate rocks and the yellow soil accounts for more than 50%.