本报告通过分析与中国院士制度相对应的美国国家科学学会、英国皇家学会、英国不列颠学会、苏格兰爱丁堡皇家学会、日本学术会议和日本学士院、德国巴伐利亚自然科学与人文科学学会、俄罗斯科学院、法国科学学会的性质、职能、管理和会员制度等 ,总结了这些发达国家的科学学会 This report analyzes the National Science Society, the Royal Society of England, the British Royal Society of Scotland, the Royal Society of Edinburgh in Scotland, the Japanese Academic Conference and Japanese Academy, the Bavarian Academy of Natural Sciences and Humanities, the Russian Academy of Sciences, the French Academy of Sciences The nature, function, management and membership system of the science society have summarized the scientific societies of these developed countries