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目的了解该院儿童主要死亡原因及其变化趋势,为制定有效的干预措施和降低儿童的病死率提供依据。方法分析2010-2013年该院住院儿童中死亡病例资料,根据ICD-10国际疾病分类标准,对住院儿童的病死率、死亡原因顺位及构成比等进行统计分析。结果 2010-2013年该院住院儿童病死率为0.42%,男女比例为1.22∶1,各年龄段中婴儿期死亡比例最高,占全部死亡病例的30.05%。儿童主要死亡原因依次为新生儿疾病37例、呼吸系统疾病35例、先天性疾病32例、肿瘤29例及传染病11例。各年龄段住院儿童死因不同,新生儿期以新生儿肺透明膜病和新生儿窒息为主要死因;婴儿期及幼儿期均以肺炎和先天异常为主要死因;学龄前期及学龄期肿瘤为最常见死因,主要是白血病等血液系统恶性疾病,尤以急性淋巴细胞性白血病常见。住院儿童病死率呈下降趋势。结论加强孕前指导及体检、提高加强围产期护理质量、改善儿童环境、重视新生儿及婴儿的医疗护理工作是降低住院儿童病死率的关键。
Objective To understand the causes and trends of the major deaths of children in this hospital and provide the basis for making effective interventions and reducing the mortality of children. Methods According to the ICD-10 International Classification of Diseases, the mortality data of hospitalized children in this hospital from 2010 to 2013 were analyzed. The case fatality rate, the order of the cause of death and the constituent ratio of hospitalized children were statistically analyzed. Results The mortality rate of hospitalized children in this hospital from 2010 to 2013 was 0.42%, the male-female ratio was 1.22:1. The highest proportion of infant deaths was found in all age groups, accounting for 30.05% of all deaths. The main causes of death were 37 cases of neonatal diseases, 35 cases of respiratory diseases, 32 cases of congenital diseases, 29 cases of tumor and 11 cases of infectious diseases. The causes of death in hospitalized children of all ages are different, neonatal hyaline membrane disease and neonatal asphyxia neonatal as the main cause of death; infants and infants are pneumonia and congenital anomalies as the main cause of death; pre-school and school-age tumors are the most common Cause of death, mainly leukemia and other hematological malignancies, especially acute lymphoblastic leukemia common. In-hospital mortality rates have been declining. Conclusion Strengthening the pre-pregnancy guidance and physical examination, improving the quality of perinatal care, improving the children’s environment, and emphasizing the medical care of newborns and infants are the keys to reduce the mortality rate of hospitalized children.