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中国的两个著名的村庄——小岗和南街走到了一起。小岗村的新当家人沈浩来到南街村,写下了这样的话:“壮大集体经济,走向共同富裕。”三十年河东,三十年河西。现在走“集体”道路的南街富了,相形之下,当年走“包干”道路的小岗却穷了。20多年前南街曾学小岗,20多年后小岗想学南街。像南街村一样仍然坚持着集体经济的村庄有2000多个,它们只是中国68万个村庄中的沧海一粟,但却因其较发达的经济而引人注目。它们中的另一个代表华西村,正以每年培训1万名村支书的速度试图推广自己的经验或模式。这一现象,发生在建设社会主义新农村的背景下,也许有特别的意义:联产承包责任制能给中国农民带来更多的财富吗?改革后的集体经济是否有机会重显光辉?新农村建设描绘了美好的未来,但中国农民眼下应怎样选择脚下的路?或许,中国农村的情况千差万别,模式也并非惟一,它们可以在中国广阔的土地上共存与竞争。更重要的,历史的经验教训告诉我们,要让农民有选择的自由——而这种选择,必须建基于农民民主权利和经济权利的落实,且必须如28年前一样,尊重农民自己的意愿和创造。
Two of China’s famous villages - Xiaogang and Nanjie come together. Xiao Gang’s new family Shen Hao came to South Street Village, wrote the following words: “Expand the collective economy, towards common prosperity.” Thirty years Hedong, Hexi three years. Now take the “collective” road south of the rich, by contrast, the small way to go “undercover” is poor. More than 20 years ago, South Street has learned Xiao Gang, more than 20 years after Xiao Gang want to learn South Street. More than 2,000 villages, like Nanjie Village, still insist on a collective economy, only a small drop in the population of 680,000 villages in China, but have attracted the attention of their more developed economies. One of them, representing Huaxi Village, is trying to promote its own experience or model at the speed of training 10,000 party secretary each year. This phenomenon, which takes place in the context of building a new socialist countryside, may have special significance: can the system of contract-based contract responsibility bring more wealth to Chinese peasants? Is there a chance that the post-reform collective economy will have a glorious future? The construction of new countryside depicts a bright future, but how should Chinese peasants now choose the way forward? Perhaps the conditions in rural China vary widely and their models are not unique. They can coexist and compete on the vast land of China. More importantly, historical lessons tell us that peasants should be given the freedom of choice - and that choice must be based on the implementation of peasants’ democratic and economic rights and must respect the wishes of peasants themselves as they did 28 years ago And create.