多声现象自古有之,并非起源于欧洲,今天我们说的“复调”特指欧洲基督教环境中滋生出来的特定的多声音乐。与其他地区以即兴和口头传诵的多声现象不同,它生长于一个相对独立的历史空间,有自己深厚的文化烙印及其独立产生、繁荣与衰落的过程。在欧洲中世纪音乐的发展中,复调的兴起是一个转折点,西方音乐以明确的方向与非西方音乐分离,它开拓了一条崭新的发展道路。一、中世纪欧洲社会情况及基督教的起源中世纪,又称“中世”或“中古”时代,这个 The polyphonic phenomenon has existed in ancient times, not originated in Europe. Today we say “polyphony” specifically referring to the specific polyphonic music that has developed in the European Christian environment. Unlike other regions that improvise and verbally transmit polyphonic phenomena, it grows in a relatively independent historical space with its own profound cultural stigma and its process of independent generation, prosperity and decline. In the development of European medieval music, the rise of polyphony is a turning point. Western music separates from non-western music in a clear direction. It opens up a brand new path of development. First, the medieval European social conditions and the origins of Christianity Middle Ages, also known as “the Middle Ages” or “Middle” era, this