原发性胆囊癌的发生、发展、转移及预后转归主要涉及ras、myc、c-erbB2等癌基因和p53、p16、p27、DPC4等抑癌基因的突变。ras基因与肿瘤的分化程度负相关,有助于判断预后;c-myc基因的激活表达与胆囊癌的形成、发展和淋巴结转移有关,可反映胆囊癌侵袭性并为早期诊断和治疗提供参考;c-erbB2的表达与胆囊癌的分化程度和预后有关。p53的突变与胆囊癌的发生密切相关,胆汁标本p53基因检测可充分利用所获得的胆汁材料,取得更可靠的诊断结果;p16基因可提高胆囊癌早期诊断率,对估计胆囊癌患者的生存时间有十分重要的意义;p27kip1可为胆囊癌预后不良的标志。 The occurrence, development, metastasis and prognosis of primary gallbladder cancer mainly involve oncogenes such as ras, myc and c-erbB2 and mutations of tumor suppressor genes such as p53, p16, p27 and DPC4. The negative correlation between the expression of ras gene and the degree of tumor differentiation may be helpful to judge the prognosis. The expression of c-myc gene is related to the formation, development and lymph node metastasis of gallbladder carcinoma, which may reflect the aggressiveness of gallbladder carcinoma and provide a reference for early diagnosis and treatment. The expression of c-erbB2 is related to the differentiation and prognosis of gallbladder carcinoma. The mutation of p53 is closely related to the occurrence of gallbladder carcinoma. The detection of p53 gene in bile samples can make full use of the obtained bile material to obtain more reliable diagnosis results. The p16 gene can improve the early diagnosis rate of gallbladder carcinoma and estimate the survival time of gallbladder carcinoma patients Has very important significance; p27kip1 can be a sign of poor prognosis of gallbladder cancer.