公元10世纪,由于海上交通路线突破性的发展,来自阿拉伯与印度等地的船舶舳舻相接,航行于广州、泉州、杭州、明州(宁波)等地。一批批商人忙于交换转载中国的丝绸、瓷器……以及外国的香料、珍宝……。有些商人、工匠、旅行者上岸便定居在了中国,伴随着物质文明而带来了异域的文化。以陶瓷为例,波斯在8-9世纪输入中国唐三彩及邢州白瓷,立即仿造出了华丽的波斯三彩和埃及三彩,但波斯的米奈陶瓷对中国五彩也有相当的影响。又如瓷器中的珐琅彩, In the tenth century AD, due to the breakthrough development of maritime traffic routes, ships from Arabia and India meet in vain and sail in Guangzhou, Quanzhou, Hangzhou and Mingzhou (Ningbo). A group of merchants are busy exchanging silk, porcelain, and foreign spices and treasures from China. Some merchants, artisans and travelers settled in China when they came ashore, bringing with them exotic cultures with material civilization. Taking ceramics as an example, Persian entered the Tang Sancai and Xingzhou white porcelains in the 8th to the 9th centuries, immediately imitating the glamorous Persian Tri-color and Egyptian pristine colors. However, the Persian Minanese ceramics also exerted considerable influence on the Chinese multicolored color. Another example is the enamel porcelain,