论文部分内容阅读
目的了解佛山市不同类型企业工人对安全氛围的认知情况、对职业卫生与安全的态度和行为的分布特征及其相互间的关系。方法调查34家制造业企业,共发出调查问卷6 929份,回收的合格调查表6 319份,合格率为91.2%。结果小型企业工人对工作场所安全氛围认知的得分(23.41±5.26)低于中型(24.89±5.00)和大型企业工人(25.49±4.56),工人安全氛围认知与年龄、工龄、教育程度、和企业规模等因素存在相关关系。大型(4.28±0.51)、中型(4.20±0.53)和小型企业工人(4.16±0.46)在生产安全态度方面的表现依次变差;对安全政策的态度与教育程度和企业规模有关,对管理者支持的态度与教育程度、收入水平和企业规模有关,乐观主义与年龄、工龄、婚姻状况、教育程度、收入水平和企业规模有关。大中小型企业工人的安全行为都有不同,中型企业的得分(2.86±0.64)相对较低,小型企业(3.03±0.56)和大型企业(2.90±0.68)的得分相对较高。作业姿势和卫生习惯仅与企业的规模有关;除企业规模外,操作安全还与年龄、性别和工龄相关。“消极态度”与各安全行为呈负相关,安全态度与各生产安全行为呈正相关。结论该区大型企业工人的安全认知和安全态度表现优于中型和小型企业,大型和小型企业的工人安全行为得分要优于中型企业。工人对安全氛围的良好认知能形成较好的安全态度,同时良好的安全态度有利于形成正确的安全行为。
Objective To understand the cognition of safety atmosphere in different types of workers in Foshan, the distribution characteristics of their attitude and behavior to occupational health and safety, and their mutual relations. Methods A total of 34 manufacturing enterprises were surveyed. A total of 6 929 questionnaires were sent out and 6 319 qualified questionnaires were returned with a pass rate of 91.2%. Results The scores of awareness of workplace safety in small-scale workers (23.41 ± 5.26) were lower than those of medium-sized (24.89 ± 5.00) and large-scale workers (25.49 ± 4.56), perception of worker safety atmosphere and age, length of service, education, Business size and other factors related to the existence. The performance of large-scale (4.28 ± 0.51), medium-sized (4.20 ± 0.53) and small-scale enterprise workers (4.16 ± 0.46) tended to deteriorate in terms of production safety attitudes. The attitude toward safety policy was related to the education level and the scale of the enterprise, Attitude is related to education level, income level and firm size. Optimism is related to age, seniority, marital status, education level, income level and firm size. The safety behaviors of workers in SMEs are different. Middle-sized enterprises score relatively low (2.86 ± 0.64), while small-sized enterprises (3.03 ± 0.56) and large-scale enterprises (2.90 ± 0.68) score relatively high. Work posture and hygiene habits are only relevant to the size of the business; in addition to the size of the business, operational safety is also related to age, gender and length of service. Negative attitude is negatively correlated with each safety behavior, and safety attitude is positively correlated with each production safety behavior. Conclusion The safety perceptions and safety attitudes of workers in large enterprises in this area are superior to those in medium and small enterprises. Workers in large and small enterprises scored better in safety behaviors than those in medium-sized enterprises. Workers’ good perceptions of a safe atmosphere can lead to a better attitude toward safety, while a good attitude toward safety is conducive to the formation of correct safety practices.