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为了解我国红火蚁Solenopsis invicta Buren的耐低温能力并为其风险分析提供科学依据,本文对采自我国4个地点红火蚁蚁群中不同等级和虫态的过冷却点,以及不同季节和室内不同饥饿程度的工蚁过冷却点进行了测定。结果表明:蚁群中不同等级和虫态的过冷却点差异显著。工蚁成虫的过冷却点(-11.8±0.4℃)显著低于有翅雌蚁(-8.1±0.6℃)及蚁后(-7.9±0.5℃),工蚁蛹和幼虫的过冷却点分别为-13.6±0.3℃和-12.1±0.4℃,蚁后蛹和幼虫的分别为-13.3±0.3℃和-12.2±0.3℃。工蚁蛹的过冷却点均显著低于其成虫和幼虫。蚁后蛹与其幼虫的过冷却点没有显著差异,但与其成虫的差异显著。同一未成熟期不同等级之间的也没有显著差异;不同季节的工蚁过冷却点有显著差异,其中以春季的最高(-4.3±0.2℃),夏季(-6.6±0.2℃)、秋季(-9.4±0.1℃)的次之,冬季的(-12.0±0.3℃)最低;深圳、珠海、广州和陆川4个地理种群的工蚁过冷却点在春、秋和冬季无显著差异,但夏季陆川种群的过冷却点显著低于其他3个种群的(P<0.05)。饥饿可使工蚁的过冷却点明显升高,但大工蚁的过冷却点较小工蚁升高的幅度更大,饥饿15d后的大工蚁比饥饿前的过冷却点升高了7.0℃,而小工蚁仅升高了4.9℃。这些结果为评价红火蚁在我国潜在的传播风险提供了理论依据。
In order to understand the low temperature resistance ability of Solenopsis invicta Buren in our country and provide a scientific basis for its risk analysis, this paper analyzed the effects of different subcooling points and insect states in the Solenopsis invicta Buren collected from four locations in China, The degree of starvation workers overcooling point was measured. The results showed that there were significant differences in the subcooling points of different grades and insect states in the colony. The subcooling points (-11.8 ± 0.4 ℃) of workers were significantly lower than those of winged female (-8.1 ± 0.6 ℃) and queens (-7.9 ± 0.5 ℃). The subcooling points of worker-worker pups and larvae were -13.6 ± 0.3 ° C and -12.1 ± 0.4 ° C, respectively, -13.3 ± 0.3 ° C and -12.2 ± 0.3 ° C for queen and larvae, respectively. The supercooling points of worker pups were significantly lower than those of adults and larvae. There was no significant difference in the supercooling point between the queen ants and their larvae, but significant differences were observed with their adults. There was also no significant difference between the different grades of the same immature stage. There were significant differences in the subcooling points of worker ants in different seasons, with the highest in spring (-4.3 ± 0.2 ℃), summer (-6.6 ± 0.2 ℃) 9.4 ± 0.1 ℃), and lowest in winter (-12.0 ± 0.3 ℃). There was no significant difference in the subcooling points among the four geographic populations in Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Guangzhou and Luchuan in spring, autumn and winter. However, The subcooling point was significantly lower than the other three populations (P <0.05). While the over-cooling points of worker ants were significantly increased by starvation, the larger worker ants had a higher increase rate than the smaller ones at the subcooling point. Big worker ants 15 days after starvation increased by 7.0 ℃ than the pre-starvation subcooling point, Worker ants only increased by 4.9 ℃. These results provide a theoretical basis for evaluating the potential transmission risk of T. fire ant in our country.