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开放存取(OpenAccess)是近年来国际学术界、出版界和图书馆界为推动科研成果和学术作品通过开放的互联网络为公众免费、无法律和技术障碍自由地获取和传播而提出的一项版权解决方案,其目的是打破目前由于科研信息的封闭交流和有偿使用所造成的信息获取的不平等,促进科研人员之间及其与公众之间的学术信息交流、提高科研经费和科研成果的利用率和实现国家科学文献的永久保存和利用。本文从开放存取运动的策源地——美国的版权法中对“政府作品”版权除外规定的分析入手,围绕开放存取所涉及的版权问题,分别介绍了美国有关开放存取的立法活动、社会各界的不同反应和目前国际学术界提出的几种替代解决方案,并据此提出图书馆界可以考虑采取的应对措施。
OpenAccess is one of the proposals put forward by international academic, publishing and library communities in recent years to promote the free access and dissemination of scientific achievements and academic works through the open Internet to the public for free, without legal and technical obstacles The purpose of the copyright solution is to break the current inequalities in access to information resulting from the closed and paid use of research information, to promote the exchange of academic information among researchers and between the public and the public, and to increase the funding for scientific research and scientific research Utilization and the permanent preservation and use of national scientific literature. This article begins with the analysis of the provisions on the exclusion of “government works” from the copyright law of the United States from the source of the “Open Access Campaign”. On the issues of copyright involved in “open access”, this article respectively introduces the legislative activities of the United States on open access , Different reactions from all walks of life and several alternative solutions proposed by the international academic community. Based on this, some countermeasures that the library community can consider are put forward.