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目的探讨营养健康教育对改变小学生营养知识及饮食行为的作用,为提出有效的营养干预模式提供依据。方法随机整群选取济南市4所学校1 213名小学生(干预组632名,对照组581名),干预组进行为期1 a的营养宣教,对照组不进行营养干预,干预前后对调查对象进行营养知识及饮食行为的问卷调查。结果干预前,干预组和对照组小学生营养知识知晓率差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。干预后,干预组小学生的营养知识均提高,与自身干预前及对照组比较差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01);干预组小学生吃早餐比例及健康饮食行为应答率均提高(P值均<0.01)。结论以学校为基础的营养健康教育辅以家庭健康教育能提小学生的营养健康知识水平,改善小学生的饮食行为。
Objective To explore the effect of nutrition and health education on changing nutritional knowledge and dietary behaviors of pupils and to provide basis for putting forward effective nutrition intervention model. Methods A total of 1,213 primary school students (632 intervention groups and 581 control subjects) from 4 schools in Jinan City were randomly selected. Nutritional education was conducted in the intervention group for 1 year. In the control group, no nutrition intervention was conducted, and nutritional status was investigated before and after the intervention Questionnaire on knowledge and eating behavior. Results Before the intervention, there was no significant difference in the rate of awareness of nutritional knowledge between the intervention group and the control group (P> 0.05). After intervention, the nutrition knowledge of pupils in the intervention group increased, compared with the control group before and after intervention (P <0.01), and the proportion of eating breakfast and the response rate of healthy diet in the intervention group were all increased Value <0.01). Conclusion School-based nutrition and health education supplemented by family health education can improve students’ nutrition and health knowledge level and improve their dietary behaviors.