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一、问题的提出煤矿井下发生的冒顶事故是矿井安全生产的大敌,这种事故与井下水、火、瓦斯、煤尘等造成的事故相比,虽然一般情况下事故规模和影响范围不大,但发生的次数频繁,因而累计起来,对人员造成的伤害,远比其他各种事故为大,据美、英、法、西德、波兰、加拿大、比利时、荷兰、日本等国家统计,井下因岩石和煤冒落而造成的死亡事故约占井下各类事故造成总数的1/2～1/3以上,我国也不例外,由顶板事故造成的死亡人数约占40～50%。而冒顶事故的发生主要是由于顶板破碎从而造成个别岩块掉落。所以,对煤矿顶板破碎原因进行分析,提出改善顶板破碎的途径,从而为更好地安全生产具有十分重要的意义。
First, the issue put forward Coal mine roof fall accidents are the enemy of mine safety production, this accident and underground water, fire, gas, coal dust and other accidents caused compared to, although under normal circumstances the scale and scope of the accident is not large However, the number of occurrences is so frequent that the damage done to personnel is far greater than that of other kinds of accidents. According to the statistics of the United States, Britain, France, West Germany, Poland, Canada, Belgium, the Netherlands and Japan, The fatal accidents caused by rock and coal caving account for more than 1/2 ~ 1/3 of the total number of all kinds of accidents in the underground, and our country is no exception. The death toll caused by roof accidents accounts for 40 ~ 50% of the total. The occurrence of a roof collapse is mainly due to the roof broken resulting in individual blocks fall. Therefore, the analysis of the reasons for the roof crushing in coal mines, put forward ways to improve the roof crushing, so as to better safety is of great significance.