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目的分析2014年隆安县麻疹暴发流行的流行病学特征,探讨暴发原因,为落实消除麻疹提供参考。方法对患者进行流行病学调查,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)方法检测血清麻疹lg M抗体,采用描述流行病学方法进行分析。结果 2014年3—8月隆安县出现麻疹暴发疫情,共报告麻疹患119例,罹患率为28.79/10万,无死亡病例;发病年龄主要集中在8月龄以下和21~39岁成人,病例主要集中在城厢和那桐镇;发病时间集中在4~6月;散居儿童和农民是麻疹高发人群。94例大于8月龄的患者中23例有麻疹疫苗免疫史,占24.47%。结论 2014年隆安县麻疹暴发流行的直接原因是易感人群积累和医院感染,最终原因是存在免疫空白或人群抗体水平降低。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of measles outbreak in Longan County in 2014, discuss the causes of the outbreak and provide reference for the elimination of measles. Methods Epidemiological investigation was performed in patients. Serum hs-CRP antibody was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the descriptive epidemiological method was used for the analysis. Results In March-August 2014, an outbreak of measles occurred in Longan County. A total of 119 cases of measles were reported, with an incidence rate of 28.79 / 100 000 and no deaths. The age of onset was mainly below 8 months of age and 21 to 39 years of age. Cases Mainly concentrated in Chengxiang and Na Tong town; onset time concentrated in April to June; scattered children and farmers are high incidence of measles. Totally 23 out of 94 patients older than 8 months had measles vaccine immunization history, accounting for 24.47%. Conclusion The direct causes of the outbreak of measles in Longan County in 2014 are the accumulation of susceptible population and nosocomial infection. The ultimate cause is the existence of immune blank or the reduction of antibody level in population.