例1女,33岁,有咳嗽、咳痰史十余年,每年冬春季节受寒后发作,诊断为支气管扩张症。入院前1周因受寒后出现咳嗽,咳大量黄色粘痰,并伴有畏寒、发热,体温最高达40℃,并感左下胸痛,使用妥布霉素静脉点滴治疗,症状无改善而住院。患者既往有青霉素过敏史,曾静脉点滴头孢氨苄皮肤出现皮疹,于1999年11月15日入院,查体:T 39.5℃,R 22次/min,HR 102次/min,BP 100/60mmHg。神志清楚,口唇无紫绀,双肺呼吸音粗,双下肺可闻及湿性啰音,其他各系统检查未见异常。临床诊断为支气管扩张合并 Example 1 female, 33 years old, cough, sputum history of more than ten years, each winter and spring seizures after onset of cold, the diagnosis of bronchiectasis. 1 week before admission cough due to cold, cough, a large number of yellow phlegm, accompanied by chills, fever, body temperature up to 40 ℃, and left lower chest pain, intravenous drip with tobramycin treatment, no improvement in symptoms and hospitalization . Patients with previous history of penicillin allergy, intravenous cephalexin skin rash, in November 15, 1999 admission, examination: T 39.5 ℃, R 22 times / min, HR 102 times / min, BP 100 / 60mmHg. Consciousness, no cyanosis of the lips, breath sounds coarse lungs, double lungs can be heard and wet rales, the other system showed no abnormalities. Clinical diagnosis of bronchiectasis