在中国美术史上占有重要地位的文人画由工笔和写意两大部分构成,文人工笔花鸟画在继承宋代院体花鸟画成就的基础上,将院体花鸟画的注重再现客观、注重对象形神的刻画发展为文人花鸟画的注重表现主观、注重作者心性的抒写。文人参与工笔花鸟画创作的目的是借花鸟抒情言志,即文人通过工笔花鸟表达了创作主体的个性情感。这种个性情感古代称之为“意”、“心”、“情”,故有“写意”、“写心”、“写情”诸说。意、心、情都指主体精神,但也有区别,心更多地表现为思想、格调,情则为情感,二者结合为意,泛指思想情感。那么我们可以将文人工笔花鸟的特征归结为具有写意性,或简称为“工而有意”。关于“写意”通常 The literati painting which occupies an important position in the history of Chinese fine arts consists of two major parts: calligraphic style and freehand style. On the basis of inheriting the achievements of flower and bird painting in Song Dynasty, Characterize the development of literati painting as the performance of the subjective, pay attention to the author’s description of the heart. The purpose of the literati to participate in the creation of the finest flowers and birds paintings is to express their emotions through the birds and birds, that is, the literati express the individual affection of the main body of creation through the meticulous writing of flowers and birds. This kind of personality emotionally called “meaning”, “heart” and “affection” in ancient times, so there are “freehand”, “writing heart” and “writing love”. Intentions, feelings, feelings refer to the main spirit, but there are also differences, the heart is more manifested in thought, style, emotion is the emotion, the combination of both, refers to the ideological and emotional. Then we can attribute the features of the literary pen to the freehand, or simply “work and purpose”. About “freehand” usually