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目的调查大学新生军训期间常见好发疾病、集中发病时间及性别差异,以便今后更好地采取预防和及时治疗的措施。方法依据设计的“大学生军训疾病登记表”对就诊学生进行逐项登记,总结。结果2 225名新生在为时2周的军训期间患病人次率达127.73%;呼吸系统疾病第7～12天发病人数达高峰(144.5人/d),外伤性疾病第3～11天达高峰(55.89人/d),消化系统疾病在第3～10天达高峰(27.88人/d),晒伤(日光性皮炎)在第4～10天达高峰(42.86人/d),过敏症患者第7～10天达高峰(15.25人/d)。呼吸系统疾病男生占52.48%,女生占30.47%,外伤男生占24.17%,女生占16.21%,晒伤男生占1.75%,女生占27.37%,中暑女生占4.78%,男生占1.40%。结论大学新生由于环境、饮食及军训体能运动改变较大,极易发生呼吸和消化系统疾病以及外伤、晒伤、过敏及中暑等疾病,因此必须采取预防措施减少疾病的发生或群发。
Objective To investigate the common occurrence and discomfort of the freshmen during military training, and to focus on the onset of disease and gender differences in order to better take preventive and timely treatment measures in the future. Methods According to the design of “college military training disease registration form” for the treatment of students one by one registration, concluded. Results The 2 225 freshmen had a rate of 127.73% during the 2-week military training. The number of respiratory diseases reached a peak between days 7 and 12 (144.5 persons / day) and reached the peak on days 3 to 11 of traumatic diseases (55.89 persons / d), digestive diseases peaked on the 3rd to 10th days (27.88 persons / day), sunburn (daylight dermatitis) peaked on the 4th to 10th days (42.86 persons / day), patients with allergies The seventh to the 10th peak (15.25 people / d). Respiratory diseases accounted for 52.48% for boys, 30.47% for girls, 24.17% for boys, 16.21% for girls, 1.75% for boys with sunburn, 27.37% for girls, 4.78% for girls with stroke, and 1.40% for boys. Conclusions Freshmen may have respiratory, digestive diseases and other diseases such as trauma, sunburn, allergies and heat stroke. Therefore, preventive measures must be taken to reduce the occurrence or mass of diseases.