论文部分内容阅读
本文由水资源的分布与供需矛盾,我国水资源开发战略、干旱问题的全球展望和水文科学的前景四部分组成。文中定量分析水资源在全球、海洋、陆地和陆地上河流、湖泊、土壤和地下水储量,列出了各种水体中水的更新周期,藉以说明水资源利用的有限性。从人口和人均热消耗量增长、农业的未来发展和城市用水的前景三个方面,说明发展中国家水资源供需矛盾的严峻形势。对于我国水资源开发战略,就改进洪水控制措施,增加水源、节约用水和保护生态环境四个方面提出了对策。文中列举了亚洲、欧洲、非洲、澳洲及美洲近百年来发生严重干旱的事例、阐明加强防止干旱的措施的必要性。本文还就水文科学未来发展,提出要加强水文实验工作,揭露水文现象和过程的物理实质,同时也不能排斥概率统计的方法。
This paper consists of four parts: the distribution of water resources and the contradiction between supply and demand, the strategy of water resources development in our country, the global outlook of drought and the prospect of hydrology. The paper quantitatively analyzes the reserves of water, rivers, lakes, soils and groundwater in the world, oceans, land and territories, and lists the renewal cycles of water in various water bodies to illustrate the limited use of water resources. The severe situation of the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources in developing countries is illustrated from the following three aspects: the growth of heat consumption per capita and per capita, the future development of agriculture and the prospect of urban water use. For our country’s water resources development strategy, we put forward countermeasures to improve the flood control measures, increase water sources, save water and protect the ecological environment. The article lists the cases of severe drought in Asia, Europe, Africa, Australia and the Americas over the past century, and clarifies the need to step up measures to prevent drought. This article also on the future development of hydrological sciences, proposed to strengthen hydrological experiments to expose hydrological phenomena and the physical substance of the process, but also can not exclude the probability of statistical methods.