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β_2微球蛋白(β_2M)是一种低分子蛋白质,分子量11800,系由100个氨基酸组成的多肽单链。人体内几乎所有的有核细胞均能合成β_2M,并附着于细胞表面,以后被释放入体液中。在健康人体内,β_2M以一种相对不变的速率生成,其降解部位主要在肾脏,可被肾小球滤过而为近端肾小管所重吸收。正常人由于年龄的增长,肾小球滤过率有生理性的下降而影响血清β_2M的水平,每增加10岁,血清β_2M可增高280μg/L。正常血清值为1.1～2.7mg/L,尿排出量<370μg/24小时。β_2M常用的最可靠的测定方法为放射免疫法或酶联吸附法。
β_2 microglobulin (β_2M) is a kind of low molecular weight protein with a molecular weight of 11,800, which is composed of 100 amino acids. Almost all human nucleated cells can synthesize β_2M, and attached to the cell surface, later released into the body fluid. In healthy humans, β 2 M is produced at a relatively constant rate and its site of degradation is predominantly in the kidney, which can be re-absorbed by the proximal tubules by glomerular filtration. Normal age due to the growth of glomerular filtration rate of physiological decline affect the level of serum β_2M, with each additional 10 years, serum β_2M increased 280μg / L. Normal serum value of 1.1 ~ 2.7mg / L, urine output <370μg / 24 hours. The most reliable method for the determination of β_2M is radioimmunoassay or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.