O157是大肠杆菌中一个较为罕见的具有致病能力的血清型。大肠杆菌O157能引起腹泻、出血性肠炎、血小板减少性紫癜以及溶血性尿毒症等。其中溶血性尿毒症治疗较困难,死亡率高达30％以上。 1982年美国发生了全世界第一起由O157引起的出血性肠炎的暴发流行,41人患病,人类第一次认识到了O157的致病性。 O157 is a relatively rare pathogenic serotype in E. coli. E. coli O157 can cause diarrhea, hemorrhagic enteritis, thrombocytopenic purpura and hemolytic uremia. Hemolysis uremia treatment more difficult, the mortality rate as high as 30%. In 1982, the world’s first outbreak of hemorrhagic enteritis caused by O157 occurred in the United States, 41 people were sick. For the first time, mankind recognized the pathogenicity of O157.