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C型凝集素（C-type lectins, CTLs）是指一大类含有一个或多个C型凝集素样结构域的蛋白质超家族，在各类免疫细胞中都有不同程度的表达，参与机体免疫防御、免疫监视、免疫调控等反应。CTLs作为一种模式识别受体，在调控机体抗微生物感染免疫中发挥重要作用。文章综述CTLs在免疫细胞中的表达和功能，并总结CTLs家族在细菌、真菌和病毒等病原微生物感染免疫中作用的研究进展，以期为研究与治疗各类微生物感染提供新的思路。“,”C-type lectins (CTLs) is a large protein superfamily containing one or more C-type lectin-like domains. They are expressed in different types of immune cells at various extents, and involved in immune defense, immune surveillance and immune regulation. As pattern recognition receptors, CTLs play an important role in regulating the host's immunity against microbial infections. This review introduces the expression and function of CTLs in immune cells and summarizes their research progress in the immunity against bacteria, fungi and viruses, so as to provide new thoughts for new approaches to treat various microbial infections.