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幸福问题是契诃夫小说的基本主题之一。契诃夫描写庸人生活的三个名篇《文学教师》《姚内奇》《醋栗》,体现了他对庸俗的人生哲学的批判,或者更确切地说,是对庸人幸福观的批判。庸人幸福观的本质在于人的肉体在劳动,而精神却在睡觉,不论是《文学教师》中的尼基丁还是《醋栗》中的尼古拉·伊万内奇还是《姚内奇》中的姚内奇,他们全都没有信仰,或者说他们只信仰物质,这样就把自己降落在与动物一样的层次上;衣冠楚楚却又行尸走肉一般地生活,契诃夫把许多人类体验包含在短短几页纸的篇幅中,普普通通,没有特例,而读者却在其中看到了他自己,他认出了自己,找到了自己,契诃夫就是通过这种方式来启发具有可塑性的民众、读者,让他们知道应该如何生活、如何思索、如何看待幸福。
Happiness is one of the basic topics of Chekhov’s novels. Chekhov’s three famous articles, “Literary Teacher”, “Yao Neiqi” and “Gooseberry”, depict the philistine life, reflecting his critique of vulgar philosophy of life or, more precisely, of philistine happiness criticism. The essence of philistine happiness is that the human body is working but the spirit is sleeping. Neither Nikitine in “Literary Teacher” nor Nikolai Ivanitch in “Gooseberry” "Yao Neiqi, all of whom have no faith, or that they only believe in matter, thus landing themselves at the same level as animals; well-dressed but walking dead, and Chekhov embracing many human experiences in short A few pages in the length of the paper, ordinary, there is no exception, but readers have seen himself in which he recognized himself and found himself, Chekhov is in this way to inspire the people with plasticity, Readers, let them know how to live, how to think, how to treat happiness.