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一、计划经济和商品经济无论在条件、内容和形式上都是互相排斥的.首先,从条件上说,计划经济是以社会占有全部生产资料,即单一的全民所有制为基础条件的,而商品经济却必须以生产资料存在不同所有者为重要前提条件.显然,这两个条件是互相排斥的.一个社会是单一的全民所有制,它就排斥生产资料的不同所有制;反之,一个社会存在不同所有制,就不可能有单一的全民所有制.正是由于这个原因,所以,恩格斯在《反杜林论》中明确肯定地说:“一旦社会占有了生产资料,商品生产就将被消灭”.(《马克思恩格斯选集》第3卷第323页)其次,从内容上看,计划经济是以直接的社会劳动为内容的,它一方面是直接的社会劳
First, the planned economy and the commodity economy are mutually exclusive in terms of conditions, content and form.Firstly, the planned economy is conditionally based on the social possession of all means of production, that is, a single system of ownership by the whole people, while the commodity The economy must be an important precondition for the existence of different owners of the means of production. Obviously, these two conditions are mutually exclusive: a society is a single ownership by the whole people that excludes different ownership of the means of production; conversely, the existence of different ownership in a society It is impossible to have a single ownership by the whole people. It is precisely for this reason that Engels stated clearly and definitely in Anti-Duhring: “Once the social possession of the means of production, the production of commodities will be eliminated.” (“Selected Works of Marx and Engels,” Volume 3, p. 323) Second, from the content point of view, the planned economy is the direct social labor as the content, it is the direct social labor