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目的报告3起五金电镀厂使用含1,2-二氯乙烷(DCE)清洗剂而引起的急性中毒事故。方法调查事故经过及进行现场检测,并分析事故原因和特点。结果现场调查发现3起中毒事故的主要原因是工厂负责人及工人在不了解含1,2-DCE清洗剂的职业病危害因素情况下,盲目使用而导致中毒事故发生;同时工作场所1,2-DCE质量浓度超标(事故1为51.4 mg/m3,事故2、3为28.6 mg/m3,短时间接触容许浓度为15.0 mg/m3)且没有按要求采取职业病防护措施也是事故发生的重要原因。3起事故有几个共同特点:①1,2-DCE中毒事故有从以往的玩具制造、制鞋业等向五金电镀厂转移的趋势;②该市刚进行工作场所职业卫生监督职能调整,由于种种原因造成一定的监管空白;③中毒病人被初诊医疗机构误诊而延误治疗时机。结论迫切需要理清工作场所职业卫生监督职能,同时应继续加强工厂职业卫生监督,避免中毒事故再次发生,还应开展对工人和基层医疗机构的职业健康教育,提高职业病防治意识。
Purpose To report 3 acute poisoning incidents caused by the use of 1, 2-dichloroethane (DCE) cleaning agents in metal plating plants. Methods to investigate the accident after and on-site testing, and analyze the causes and characteristics of the accident. Results The field investigation found that the three main causes of poisoning were factory owners and workers who did not know the cause of occupational hazards with 1,2-DCE detergent and that the poisoning accident was caused blindly. At the same time, It is also an important cause of accident that the DCE concentration exceeds the standard (51.4 mg / m3 for accident 1, 28.6 mg / m3 for accidents 2 and 3, and 15.0 mg / m3 for short-term exposure) and failure to take occupational disease prevention measures as required. There are several common features of the accidents: ① The trend of 1,2-DCE poisoning has shifted from the past toy manufacturing and shoe-making industries to hardware electroplating factories; ② The city just adjusted the occupational health supervision function in the workplace, Cause a certain regulatory gaps; ③ poisoning patients misdiagnosed by the newly diagnosed medical institutions and delay the timing of treatment. Conclusions There is an urgent need to sort out the occupational health supervision function in the workplace. At the same time, occupational health supervision in factories should be strengthened to prevent the recurrence of poisoning accidents. Occupational health education should be carried out on workers and grassroots medical institutions to raise awareness of prevention and control of occupational diseases.