肝癌是我国最常见恶性肿瘤之一，由于其发病隐匿，大部分患者确诊时已处于中晚期，无法行外科根治性治疗。局部介入治疗是非外科手术治疗肝癌的主要治疗方案，在提高患者生存预后方面发挥着重要作用。及时、准确地评价局部介入治疗的疗效是制定下一步治疗方案的关键。目前临床上评价其术后疗效主要基于CT和MR解剖形态学成像，但肿瘤功能生物学特性改变常早于单纯形态学改变。近年来，随着扩散加权成像(DWI)技术的不断完善与发展，其在临床应用方面的价值不断被挖掘，越来越多地用于定量评价肿瘤组织内水分子扩散和血流微循环灌注，且在评价肿瘤疗效上取得了一定进展。笔者主要就目前DWI在肝癌局部介入治疗中的应用现状及研究进展进行综述。“,”Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in China. Unfortunately, most of HCC patients were diagnosed at the intermediate or advanced stage, losing the chance to receive the surgical intervention. Locoregional interventional treatment is one of the major therapeutic options for inoperable HCC treatment and prolongs the survival of the patients. Evaluation of the efficacy of the treatment is the important to determine the further therapy strategies. Currently, the evaluation of patients’ response is mainly based on CT and MR anatomic morphological images, but characteristics of tumor biology changes can be observed earlier than the morphological changes. In the recent years, with the development of diffusion weighted imaging (DWI), its value in clinical application has been continuously explored, and it has been increasingly used for quantitative evaluation the diffusion of water molecular and microcirculation perfusion of blood flow in tumor tissue, with some progress in evaluating the tumor response. This paper mainly reviewed the recent research findings of DWI on locoregional interventional treatment for HCC, thereby providing guidance on clinical practice.