二十世纪即将过去,二十一世纪就要到来。在两个世纪之交的二十世纪末期,我们来回顾一下儒家伦理思想在我国(大陆)的变迁和所受的遭遇,以及展望一下未来二十一世纪的前途,我想是有十分重要的意义的。 二十世纪整个世界基本上是在分裂、对抗、革命斗争、战争(热战)和冷战之中度过的。中国亦不例外,他与整个世界的发展相一致,亦是处在剧烈的社会动荡之中,是在革命,内外战争,对抗斗争之中走过来的。而在我国几乎每一次重大的动荡和剧烈的斗争,又往往与如何对待传统的儒家伦理价值观密切相联系。这是因为二十世纪中国社会的革命、对抗乃至战争,常常都是围绕如何实现中国的现代化这一根本目的而展开的。实现中国社会现代化,必然地要碰到如何解决传统思想与现代化的关系问题。以此我国现代化进程中每一次重大的斗争,几乎都与我国传统思想的集中代表——儒家的伦理价值思想相联系,这也是一种历史的必然。 实现中国社会的现代化,决不能闭关自守,妄自尊大,而应当向西方的先进工业国学习,学习它们的科学技术、现代化的经济政治管理制度,乃至先进的政治经济、哲学等学说。这就是历史上我们所说的“西学”。中国的传统思想,主要是由儒、佛、道三教思想所组成,而在社会上占统治地位的,从社会上层直至社会下层影? The twentieth century is about to end, the twenty-first century is coming. At the turn of the 20th century at the turn of the centuries, it is very important that we review the changes and experiences of Confucian ethics in our country (the mainland) and look into the future of the 21st century. meaningful. The entire world of the twentieth century was basically spent in divisions, confrontations, revolutionary struggles, war (hot war) and the cold war. China is no exception. He is consistent with the development of the entire world and is also in the midst of severe social unrest. He has come in the course of the revolution, the internal and external wars, and the war of resistance. Almost every major unrest and violent struggle in our country is often closely linked to how to treat traditional Confucian ethical values. This is because the revolutions, confrontations and even wars of the Chinese society in the 20th century were often conducted around the fundamental goal of how to realize China’s modernization. To realize the social modernization in China, we must inevitably encounter the problem of how to solve the relationship between traditional thinking and modernization. Therefore, every major struggle in the process of our country’s modernization is almost always linked to the Confucian idea of ​​ethical values, which is the centralized representative of our traditional thinking. This is also a historical inevitability. To realize the modernization of Chinese society, we must never be self-reliant and self-esteem. Instead, we should learn from the advanced industrial nations of the West and learn their science and technology, modern economic and political management systems, and even advanced political, economic and philosophical theories. This is what we call “Western learning” in history. The traditional Chinese thinking is mainly composed of the Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, while the dominant position in society is from the upper class to the lower class.