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目的探索危害铁矿作业工人健康的主要疾患及职业有害因素对工人寿命的影响。方法用流行病学队列研究方法,对武钢大冶铁矿7 469名职工从1972年开始随访30余年,以全国城市居民年龄别死亡率为参照,用标化死亡比(SMR)作为统计指标,并计算95%可信区间。结果自1972年至2003年底,共计199 108．0人年,死亡1 752人,累积死亡率为23．5%。影响铁矿工人寿命的主要疾病按累积死亡率从高到低排序分别是：肿瘤(7．8%)、脑血管疾病(3．9%)、心血管系疾病(3．4%)和呼吸系疾病(2．9%),恶性肿瘤以肺癌和肝癌最多,分别占总死亡数的10%和7．4%。全死因SMR为1．06,高于全国平均水平。死亡率明显升高的疾病有鼻咽癌、肝癌、肺癌、尘肺和意外事故,SMR分别为1．84、1．51、1．83、14．94和1．25。队列中接尘工人与非接尘工人比较,接尘工人全死因、胃癌、肺癌、呼吸系统疾病、心血管疾病和意外事故的累积死亡率明显升高(相对危险度分别为1．35、1．83、1．61、2．27、1．34和1．69)。结论以粉尘为主的职业有害因素明显影响铁矿工人健康和寿命。
Objective To explore the impact of the major diseases endangering the health of workers in iron mines and the harmful effects of occupational factors on the life span of workers. Methods Using the epidemiological cohort study method, 7 469 employees of Daye Iron Mine in WISCO were followed up for more than 30 years from 1972. Based on the age-specific mortality rate of urban residents in China, the standardized death rate (SMR) was used as a statistical indicator. And calculate 95% confidence interval. Results From 1972 to the end of 2003, a total of 199 108.0 person-years were lost, with 1 752 deaths and a cumulative fatality rate of 23.5%. The major diseases that affect the life of iron miners were ranked by cumulative mortality from high to low: cancer (7.8%), cerebrovascular disease (3.9%), cardiovascular disease (3.4%) and respiration (2.9%). Malignant tumors accounted for the largest number of lung cancer and liver cancer, accounting for 10% and 7.4% of the total number of deaths respectively. The cause of death was SMR 1.06, higher than the national average. Significantly increased mortality of nasopharyngeal cancer, liver cancer, lung cancer, pneumoconiosis and accidents, SMR were 1.84,1.51,1.83,14.94 and 1.25. Compared with non-exposed workers in the cohort, the cumulative death rates of all causes of death, gastric cancer, lung cancer, respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases and accidents among dust-exposed workers were significantly higher (relative risk was 1.35, .83, 1.61, 2.27, 1.34 and 1.69). Conclusion Dust-based occupational hazards significantly affect the health and longevity of iron miners.