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针对丘陵双季稻区易发生季节性干旱导致养分供应受阻、水稻生长发育受影响、产量下降等问题,研究了干旱条件下5种养分管理措施(即T1:增施钾肥+喷清水;T2:叶面喷施0.2%Zn SO4;T3:增施钾肥+叶面喷施肥0.2%Zn SO4;T4:提高后期施N比例+喷清水;CK:常规施肥+喷清水)对双季晚稻生长发育、产量形成以及产量的影响。结果表明,分蘖期干旱胁迫下,不同养分管理对双季晚稻生长发育和产量的影响具有明显的差异,其影响程度由强到弱依次为:T3>T1>T2>T4>CK。T3在分蘖期干旱胁迫下能有效促进水稻分蘖能力,提升苗峰值和有效分蘖数,最高分蘖数比CK高7.26%,并显著提高拔节期和齐穗期的叶片SPAD值、叶片光合速率和叶片蒸腾速率以及根系活力,同时还显著增加拔节期、齐穗期和成熟期地上部单株干物重,改善植株干物质的积累,其增幅分别在2.19%~25.22%,从而显著提高双季晚稻每公顷有效穗数、每穗实粒数、每穗总粒和结实率等产量构成因素,最终使双季晚稻在干旱胁迫条件下获得较高产量。T3的产量在所有处理中最高,达10.07 t·hm~(-2),分别比T1、T2、T4及CK高6.34%、7.70%、14.17%和25.56%。
Aiming at the problems such as the obstruction of nutrient supply, the growth and development of rice and the decrease of yield due to the occurrence of seasonal drought in double cropping rice in hilly region, five nutrient management measures were studied under drought condition (T1: increasing potassium fertilizer + spraying water; : Foliar application of 0.2% Zn SO4; T3: application of potassium fertilizer + foliar fertilization of 0.2% Zn SO4; T4: increasing the proportion of N application + spraying water; CK: conventional fertilization + , Yield formation and yield impact. The results showed that the effects of different nutrient management on the growth and yield of double cropping late-season rice were significantly different under the drought stress of tillering stage, and the order of their effects from strong to weak was T3> T1> T2> T4> CK. Under the drought stress of tillering stage, T3 can effectively promote the tillering ability of rice, raise the seedling peak value and effective tiller number, the highest tiller number is 7.26% higher than CK, and significantly increase the leaf SPAD value, the photosynthetic rate and the leaf photosynthesis rate at jointing and heading stage Transpiration rate and root activity, but also significantly increased the dry matter weight per shoot of shoots at jointing stage, heading stage and mature stage, and improved the accumulation of plant dry matter, which increased from 2.19% to 25.22% Hectares per panicle, grains per panicle, total grains per panicle and seed setting rate, finally resulted in higher yield of double cropping late rice under drought stress. The highest yield of T3 was 10.07 t · hm -2, which was 6.34%, 7.70%, 14.17% and 25.56% higher than those of T1, T2, T4 and CK, respectively.