澳大利亚科技政策的发展经历了三个阶段。①纯粹为了科学的政策,属“科学推动”模式。科学政策的任务是维护科学发现所必需的环境。政策的制订和阐述主要是由政府所属的研究部门,特别是澳大利亚科学工业组织(CSIRO)的科学家们来完成,而大学涉及较少。因此,高等院校在这方面所起的作用不大。②从国家利益考虑的科学政策,属“需要推动”模式。此时,大学里出现了科学技术政策分析家,一些大学如新南威尔士大学、伍伦贡大学以及格里费恩大学都建立了相应的研究中心,还有一些大学则成立了相应的研究小组。这些机构的研究内容主要是科技如何为经济发展做贡献。③科技为经济发展的原动力。此时,技术革新过程出 The development of science and technology policy in Australia has gone through three stages. ① purely for scientific policy, is a “science-driven” model. The task of science policy is to maintain the environment necessary for scientific discovery. The formulation and elaboration of policies are mainly done by the government-affiliated research departments, especially the CSIRO scientists, while the university involves less. Therefore, universities and colleges play a very small role in this respect. ② The scientific policy considered from the national interest is a “need to promote” model. At this time, there appeared science and technology policy analysts in universities. Some universities such as the University of New South Wales, Wollongong University and Griffon University have established corresponding research centers, while others set up corresponding research groups. The research of these institutions mainly focuses on how science and technology contribute to economic development. ③ science and technology as the driving force for economic development. At this point, the process of technological innovation out