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目的探索大山区以传染源控制为主的血吸虫病综合防治措施。方法选择四川省普格县特兹乡为试点,调查当地血吸虫病的流行特点。实施兴建厕所(沼气池)、管理人畜粪便、人畜扩大化疗和健康教育为主,辅以易感环境药物灭螺的血吸虫病综合防治。结果特兹乡试点初期人群感染率为14.45%,牛是当地的主要传染源,梯田是感染的主要场所。2005-2008年特兹乡新建厕所418座,畜圈128户,沼气池267户;累计化疗13465人次,家畜化疗7652头次;累计反复灭螺406万m2;开展多形式、多层次的健康教育,覆盖全乡人群;农林水等部门综合治理消灭钉螺。经过4年综合防治,人群感染率从14.45%下降到0.88%;家畜感染率从12.89%下降到0.54%;钉螺面积和钉螺密度均明显下降,连续两年未发现感染性钉螺;血防知识知晓率达85%。结论在大山区实施以兴建厕所和人畜扩大化疗为主的传染源控制的综合措施是可行和科学的。
Objective To explore the comprehensive prevention and control measures of schistosomiasis with infection source control in mountainous areas. Methods We selected Puzi County, Sichuan Province as a pilot to investigate the prevalence of schistosomiasis. The implementation of the construction of latrines (digesters), man-animal and man-managed livestock and poultry expansion of chemotherapy and health education, supplemented by susceptible environmental drugs snail schistosomiasis control. Results The population infection rate of Tezi was 14.45% at the initial stage of the pilot project. Cattle were the main source of infection in the area. Terraces were the main site of infection. From 2005 to 2008, a total of 418 new latrines, 128 livestock pens and 267 biogas digesters were built in Tetsu Township. Totally 13,465 people received chemotherapy and 7652 first-time domesticated animals. In addition, a total of 4.06 million m2 of snails were recurrently carried out. Various forms and levels of health education were carried out , Covering the township population; comprehensive management of agriculture, forestry and water sectors to eliminate snails. After 4 years of comprehensive prevention and control, the infection rate of the population decreased from 14.45% to 0.88%; the infection rate of domestic animals dropped from 12.89% to 0.54%; the area of snails and the density of snails decreased significantly, and the infective snails were not found for two consecutive years; Up to 85%. Conclusion It is feasible and scientific to implement comprehensive measures to control the source of infection in large mountainous areas to build latrines and expand the treatment of human and livestock.