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目的研究过量乙醇对雄性哺乳类睾丸及生精细胞的毒性作用与生精周期的关系,研究酒精对睾丸损伤后自然恢复与生精周期的关系,从而对优生优育提供理论及实验依据。方法用不同剂量的酒精给大鼠灌胃1～2个生精周期后,检测血清睾酮、精子常规、睾丸组织学、凋亡相关基因bcl-2、bax,研究酒精的毒性作用;停止灌酒后自然恢复1～2个生精周期,检测上述指标观察酒精损伤后的自然恢复情况。结果高剂量酒精作用2个生精周期,大鼠精子活力和存活率降低(P<0.01),精子畸形率升高(P<0.01),血清睾酮水平降低;睾丸组织也有明显的形态学变化;每个生精小管中bcl-2蛋白表达的阳性细胞数目明显降低(P<0.01);bax蛋白表达的阳性细胞数明显升高;每个细胞中bcl-2蛋白表达强度(OD值)明显降低(P<0.01);Bax蛋白表达强度(OD值)明显升高(P<0.01)。在停酒后自然恢复2个生精周期,上述指标有明显改善,(P<0.05);但仍未恢复至正常水平。结论长期大量饮酒对雄性哺乳类睾丸及生精细胞有明显毒性作用,这种毒性作用可以自然恢复,但需要经过较长时间,因此,减少饮酒对优生有重要意义。
Objective To study the relationship between the toxic effect of excess ethanol on testis and spermatogenic cells of male mammals and the cycle of spermatogenesis, and to study the relationship between the natural recovery of spermatogenesis and the cycle of spermatogenesis after testicular injury by alcohol. The study provides theoretical and experimental basis for prenatal and postnatal care. Methods After the rats were instilled with 1 ~ 2 spermatogenic cycles with different doses of alcohol, serum testosterone, spermatozoa, testis histology and apoptosis-related genes bcl-2, bax were detected to study the toxic effect of alcohol. After natural recovery of 1 or 2 spermatogenic cycles, the above indicators were measured to observe the natural recovery after alcohol injury. Results The sperm motility and survival rate of rats decreased (P <0.01), the sperm deformity rate increased (P <0.01) and the level of serum testosterone decreased. The testicular tissue also had obvious morphological changes. The number of positive cells expressing bcl-2 protein in each seminiferous tubule decreased significantly (P <0.01), the number of positive cells in bax protein increased significantly, and the expression of bcl-2 protein in each cell decreased significantly (P <0.01). The protein expression of Bax (OD) increased significantly (P <0.01). After stopping drinking, it naturally recovered 2 spermatogenic cycles, the above indexes improved obviously (P <0.05), but it did not return to normal level. Conclusion Long-term heavy drinking has significant toxic effects on testis and spermatogenic cells of male mammals. This toxic effect can recover naturally but takes a long time. Therefore, reducing alcohol consumption is of great importance to eugenics.